GROUP:02

Design Studio VII: Urban Form & Space

Section: VII (A)
Session: Spring 2021

ID:30180120025
:30180120026
:30180120027
CONTENT:
• Morphological dimension • Functional dimension
Land uses
Road and footpath
Building typology
Activity analysis
Building height
Open space
Street pattern • Temporal dimension
Access and linkage Time and space
Traffic vibrancy Time frames of change

• Perceptual dimension
Environmental perception
Element ( Edges ,Nodes , landmark )

• Social dimension
safety and security
public realm ,public life
relationship between people and space.
Introduction:
Khulna is the fourth largest district and the third largest city in Bangladesh. Khulna district was established in 1885 and is also known as Jahanabad. As Khulna is one of the
industrial and commercial areas of Bangladesh, Khulna is also called as an industrial city. Khulna is also called the gateway to the Sundarban. It is bounded on the north by
Jessore, Narail, on the east by Bagerhat, on the west by Satkhira and on the south by the Bay of Bengal. Khulna city gained municipal status in 1984 and city corporation status
in 1990.The memory of Hazrat Pir Khwaja Khanjahan Ali (ra) is enriched and the history and tradition of Khulna is adorned with Bhairab-Rupsha Bidhaut.The main forest of the
district is the Sundarban, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site by UNESCO on December 6, 1997.Although Bangladesh became independent on 16th December
1971, Khulna became independent one day later on 16th December

History of Slaughterhouse
During the liberation war of 1971, this place had a one-
storey infrastructure in the middle of a paddy field wetland.
From where the radio activities were broadcast. There was
no Khulna Satkhira Road. This gallantry place far from the
city was quite secluded. The one -storey building of that day
is today a two-storey building, which is the first
administrative building of Khulna University. The building
was occupied by the Pakistani army at the beginning of the
liberation war in the name of controlling the radio station.
And during the entire liberation war, freedom-loving people
were captured and kept in this building and tortured. A two-
story house at the back of the building and the front yard
were used for torture. Many were killed by brutal torture,
while others were shot or stabbed to death with bayonets.
N
At last the frozen body was floated in the current of N N
Gallamari's bill. Thousands of skeletons have been found Concerned Area Map
Bangladesh Map Khulna City Corporation Map
here since the country became independent. Khulna
University is standing on the massacre site which bears
witness to 1971.
Growth of the city:
Population in years
1947 : 10-12,000
1951 : 42,000
1991 : 11,00,000
2000 : 14,00,000
2011 : 19,00,000
2020 : 31,90,000 (assumed)
source: BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics)
Land use
Our study area is a mix used area. We found there residential, commercial, mix Column1
used, religious, educational & so much activities. There is a Strong commercial Govt.service
force. There is a transition point between city & city edge. The whole study area is Educational
not well planned. Residential
Religious
Recreational

Mixed use

Commercial

Residential Commercial Mixed use Recreational

Religious Educational Govt.service

N
Building typology:

Paka bari

Kacha Paka Bari

Paka Bari

Kacha Paka Bari

Kacha Bari

Kacha Bari
Building height :
FINDINGS:

Most of the building on the side of the road are mixed used.one storey two storey and three storey buildings
are more . The four-story and six-story buildings have some .Most of the shops are on the side of the road .

.One Storied

Two Storied

1 2 3 Above

Multi
Open space
We found there 3 types of open spaces public open space, captive open space, Private open space. The percentage of public open is
very poor. People can’t enjoy the open space for the security purpose. The hawker, temporary market ,domestic animal cover all the
open space. They have open spaces which they use as dustbin, store. People go their but don’t enjoy as public gathering spaces.
Sometimes local teenager occurs some offensive activities using the space. There is a park where people only enjoy. But the space is
not enough. The area demands public gathering spaces, recreational & safe spaces. The city people have too little public spaces
where they can enjoy their free time. So there is a demand of public gathering spaces.

4%

23%

8%

65%

Public open space Built area

Private open space Captive open space
Road network
The road pattern of our study area is simple & tributary. Roads are not very regular shape mostly in organic pattern. ln Khulna formal roads are
also spontaneously generated because of lack of proper plan. We found mainly three types of road primary, secondary, tertiary. Primary road is
the main circulation road & 80’ wide having no pedestrian. The roads connect the zero point with the city directly. Secondary roads are about 20-
30’ having no definite pedestrian. These roads are mainly used for commercial residential zone. Tertiary roads are mainly connected with
residential area to main circulation. These roads have no pedestrians.

Gollamari node

Zero point
Street linkage & access:
Primary road is accessible for all kind of vehicles such as bus, truck, CNG, autorickshaw ,Rickshaw,
motorcycle .
Secondary road is for small vehicle such as autorickshaw, Rickshaw, motorcycle.
Tertiary road is mainly for walking but rickshaw, autorickshaw, motorbike can access this road. In some
places it is so much narrow that fire service vehicle can not access there.

Primary Road

Secondary Road

Tertiary Road
 Traffic vibrancy

Most vibrant space

Less vibrant road

Most vibrant space

Bus Motor bike Truck van Rickshaw Easy bike

Car Bicycle
6% 9%
8%

20%

29%
5%

9% Vibrant road

15%
Node
Nodes are focal places, such as junctions of paths .Here we have got two nodes.1) Gollamari more and 2)Zero point.

Gollamari more

Zero point
Edge
Edges are linear elements that form boundaries between areas or linear
breaks in continuity.
These are walls , buildings and shorelines, streets , overpasses etc.
Includes elements like rivers, railway viaducts and related motorways.

Land mark Land mark, Khulna varsity. Edge, Moyur river.

In contrast to nodes, which can be entered
Are point references which most people experience from outside.
Object: building, sign or mountain.
They may be within the city or at such a distance that for all practical
purpose they symbolize a constant direction
Social aspect:

Mixed use. Market place.

Residential area.

Hawker Educational institute Govt.service

Safety and security

Road side no Pedestrian

Road Side Local Bazar

Gallamari monument
public realm ,public life

Tea shop Gallamari Monument Street Hawkers

Petrol pump Nursery

Functional dimension:

Bridge Pedestrian

There are no pedestrians on Gallamari Road . There are only pedestrians

on the new bridge. Street hawkers have been using it for some time .
Because of this public pedestrian cannot use it . As a result ,traffic jam is
being created here.

Street hawker
 Road Side Local Bazar

Market dust

Old Gallamari bridge

Section

New Gallamari bridge

Bridge Pedestrian

Green space

Linear park
Activity analysis

Fish market Nursery Temporary market

Multi purpose market Street hawker Tea stall

 Fish seed production farm

Tea shop

Hostel

Versity road

Linear park
Section

Gathering Market Weast

Moyur river

Gallamari Bridge

Gathering Public Weast

Temporary shop

CFC

Mixed used building

Gallamari Mosque

Gallamari more
Time frames of change
The road network system of the study area is very simple and productive. Because Gollamari is a very crucial transition point of Khulna city. Around
thousands of people move on this site every day. 9am-12pm and 6-9 pm are the pick hours that cause heavy traffic. Different types of vehicles
travel on that road such as Easy Bike, Bus, Mahindra, Truck, Bicycle, Van, Rickshaw etc.
Time and space
 Mixed used building

Street Hawkers

Traffic jam

Gallamari more Section

Gallamari Mosque

Iland

Iland
 Mohammad Nagar Road

Fish Ghat Jame Mosque

Temporary market

Traffic Jam
Section

Careless Street Hawkers

SWOT analysis
 Strength  Opportunities
Water body.
Mixed use building. Road side Landscape.
Road side shop. Environment which can be good public
Well road connectivity. Open space.
Connected by Gallamari Bridge that use land-mark.

 Threats
 Weakness Traffic System is no Control.
No pedestrian. Imbalance of Land use.
No specific place for hawker. Unhealthy Urban Life.
Noise, pollution. There is no transit stop.
Public accessibility problem.
Safety problem.
Issue Identification:
Morphological Issues
1. Lack of connectivity of city.
2. Lack of spatial relation between build form and open space.

Socio-economic Issues
3. Vital public gathering .
4. Diversified socio-economic activity.

Environmental Issues
5. River as drainage .
6. No specific waste dumping zone.

Infrastructural Issues
7. Lack of accessibility .
8. Lack of parking facilities .
9. Narrow road &no pedestrian .
10. Traffic Congestion .
SWOT analysis

 Strength  Opportunities
Water body. Road side Landscape.
Road side shop. Good open space for public gathering.
Well road connectivity. Socio economic activities.
Water body.

 Weakness  Threats
No pedestrian. Traffic system is no control.
Boundary wall. Unless vehicle in front of site.
No activities.
Local teenager bad activities.
No road light source.
Safety and security problem.
Dimensions Issues Objectives
Social • Safety and security Socio economic activity
problem. for local people.
• Local teenagers bad
activity.
• No public activity.
Infrastructural • Illegal roadside parking Apply traffic rules and
uncontrolled road traffic. avoid solid boundary.
• Boundary wall as visual
barrier.
• No pedestrian.

Environmental • Lack of urban green space. Promote urban green

• Lack of water management space & drainage
& drainage system. system.

Cultural • Insufficient cultural Promote Cultural

program. celebration.
Thank you.