PROSE
THE NATURE OF PROSE
Definition of Prose
Prose is the written equivalent of the spoken
language which is made up of fiction and nonfiction
Prose is a word or statement in which there is
nothing except simple explanation and fulfilling the
aim, free of internal emotions and feelings, for the
The Nature speaker as the guidelines of the great ones to the
of Prose subordinates, explaining an accident by someone to
the other or reporting an event that all of them
.should be simple
Prose is the way you speak everyday. If
someone followed you around and reported on your
actions and conversations, the result would be prose
PROSE
Novels .1
Mystery .2
Fiction Detective .3
Romance .4
Short stories .5
Historical fiction .6
Prose
Essays .1
Autobiographies .2
Speeches .3
Non Fiction Journals .4
Articles .5
ELEMENT OF FICTION OF
PROSE
Novels .1 Author .1
Mystery .2 Setting .2
Detective .3 Plot .3
Element of Themes .4
Romance .4
Fiction Characters .5
Short stories .5
Historical .6 Style .6
fiction Language .7
ELEMENT OF PROSE
It refers to the way
of the novel & short
Must know the name of author, his/her
story is written in background becuase it ‘ll help you to
order to have a .3 understand what,how, & why the
desired effect on Author author writes any story or novel
readers/audiences
Style .1 It focuses on place, time, & condition
.4 in which the story takes place
Setting
Element It refers to the controlling, main idea,
of Fiction or central insight in the novel or short
Langua.2 story. It’s usually stated in a sentence
Theme .5 or statement.
ge
It is a narrative arrangements of events, the
It is often used in emphasis falling on causality. It’s the wasy
fiction writing; an author creates & organizes a chain of
clear, educative, Plot .6
events
It refersin to
a narrative.
the kinds of characters of the
informative,
novel or short story has depending on the
interesting & .7 level of their development & involement in
entertainiing; Characte the story;
metaphor, simile r protagonists/antagonist/major/minor/stars
VARIETY OF PROSE
Plot
Exposition
Climax
Raising
Fal
i on
Action
l
ing
Act
Ac
ing
Plot Climax
ti o
Ris
n
Exposition Conclusion
Falling
Action
Denouemen
t/
Conclusion
VARIETY OF PROSE
Descriptive
Variety of
Prose Narative
Expository
FORM OF PROSE
Short Story
Essay
Form of
Prose
Novel
Biography/
Autobiography
PROSE ANALYSIS
Prose
Analysis
:Name Analysis
Authors often choose names that bring another dimension to a
character or place. A good reader is sensitive to the
.implications of names
• Oedipus – swollen food, seeker of truth .1
• Billy Budd – simple, melodic, young growth, ready to bloom .2
Jane Eyre – Janus/beginning, air, err, heir, ere, eerie, ire .3
• Helen Burns – fever, fervor, mythological inspiration .4
Mr. Mason – the Masons are a secret fraternity; he holds the .5
secret
Stella – star, light .6
Kurtz – short, curt .7
Willy Loman – low man .8
PROSE ANALYSIS
Story
Story (its plural form is stories) describes fictional or imaginary
events in which main point (focus) is the extraordinary events
.which are beyond the evolution of humans
In a story, the main path of an incident is on the spontaneous
events. Events make a story and in fact, they form the main
and central column of it, without playing a role in the
development of its characters (human) regeneration, in the
other words, heroes and characters are changing less and
mostly will expose different events and incidents
Stories have simple and basic forms and their narrative
structure is near to the speech of ordinary people and is full of
colloquial proverbs, words and expressions
PROSE
Desires
Wishes
Characters
of story
Happiness
Illness
Unhappiness
NOVEL
The historical novel
Genres of
Novel The apprenticeship
novel
The picaresque novel
NOVEL FUNCTION
According to Hoove (1980:195) described the
function of novel which can be described as
:follows
1. As an expression of an interpretation of life
entertainer or escape.
2. As propaganda.
3. As an agent of change in the language and
though of a culture.
4. As creator of life style and an arbiter of taste
Structure of Novel
1) Theme: Theme is the wholeness meaning of the story that
the author wants to convey to the reader that makes it
unhidden
2) plot is the events in the story of a film, novel, short story,
etc. (Cuddon 1998:513).
3) Setting
4) Point of view is one important thing in the novel because
that is telling a story, it determines how much the reader
must know and able to knaw of what is happening
5) Character in Mastering English Literature that was written
by Richard Gill, character is someone in literary work who
has some sort of identity (it need 10 not to be a strong one),
an identity which is made up by appearance, conversation,
action, name, and (possibly) thought going on in the head
KINDS OF CHARACTER IN
NOVEL
Carters (1980:2000) character is an “an imaginary person that
lives in a literary work. Literary characters may be major or
minor, static or dynamic.
1) Major Character; Major whose conflict with the antagonist may
spark the story‟s conflict,it can be called as protagonist
2) Minor Character; minor characters is one more or secondary or
minor character whose function is partly to illuminate the major
characters
3) Statis Character; A static character is one who changes little if at
all. Things happen to such a character without things happening
within. The pattern of action reveals the character rather than
showing the appearance of changing simply because of picture of the
character is revealed bit by bit, who does not change, although our
view of him steadily changes.”
4) Dynamic Character; A dynamic character is one who is modified by
actions and experiences, and one objective of the work in which the
character appears is to reveal the consequences of these actions
Characters of Novel in Twentith Century
The twentieth century broke with the
mission of the Victorian novel which is
storytelling and entertainment it rather
focuses on character to unravel the
intricate web of thoughts and feelings that
activate the individual. Many novels were
mainly concerned with propaganda and
social issues.
Ninteenth & Twenteeth Century of the Novel as
Literary Work
Early in the twentieth century the novel
was impacted by the works of some
prominent nineteenthcentury writers such
as the Russians Feodor Dostoevsky and
Leo Tolstory, and the French novelists
Honoré de Balzac, Emile Zola, Guy de
Maupassant, and Gustave Flaubert
THREE GENERATIONS OF NOVEL
Three generations of novels were clearly distinguished during the
twentieth century:
1. Novels written before 1920;
2. Those written between the two world wars; {Virginia Woolf (1882-
1941), D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930), and James Joyce (1882-1941)}
and
3. Noovels written since World War II. {William Golding (1911) explored
the working of primitive instincts in his striking symbolic novel, Lord
of the Flies (1954)}, Burnt-Out Case (1961) an architect, repelled by
modern life, attempts to lose himself in a leper colony deep in Africa
and to purge all human desires and adventure/detective stories.
The earliest period was dominated by two figures-Henry James (1843-
1916) and Joseph Conrad (1857- 1924); the first was an Anglo
American, and the second a Anglo Pole.
The twentieth century has witnessed the popularization of several new
genres of the novel: the detective story, the story of intrigue (or the spy
story), and science fiction.
THANKS
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