Isaac
Newton
“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.”
Made by: Ahmed Hesham, Mohamed Elmahy, Mina Sherif, Oma
Hisham
Achievements
Laws of Motion
Newton's laws revolutionized physics and engineering
principles.
Universal Gravitation
His theory explained celestial motion and influenced
astronomy.
Calculus
Pioneered a mathematical framework essential in science
and technology.
Optics and Telescopes
Contributions advanced our understanding of light and
astronomy.
Introduction
Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727) was an
English mathematician, physicist, and
astronomer. He made groundbreaking
contributions to science, including the laws
of motion and universal gravitation.
Early Life
Birth and Early Life
He was born on January 4, 1643, in Wools Thorpe,
England.
His father passed away, so his grandmother took care
of him
Early Education
Attended King's School in Grantham, where he showed
interest in mechanical devices. Explored math, optics,
astronomy.
University
Entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1661.
Explored math, optics, astronomy.
Newton’s First Law (Law of inertia)
States that an object at rest will remain at rest,
and an object in motion will remain in motion at
a constant velocity unless acted upon by an
external force.
It also describes the concept of inertia, which is
the tendency of an object to resist changes in its
motion. The greater the mass of an object, the
greater its inertia.
Example: A stationary soccer ball will not move
unless kicked, and once kicked, it will continue
rolling until friction or another force (like a
player's foot or a wall) stops it.
Impact: This law replaced the Aristotelian idea
that objects naturally come to rest, showing
instead that motion remains constant unless
Newton’s Second Law
The second law states that the
acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the net
force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its mass.
This law quantifies the
relationship between the force
applied to an object, its mass,
Second Law
and the acceleration produced.
More force or less mass results in Force equals mass times
more acceleration. acceleration (F = ma).
Example: Pushing a shopping
cart with groceries in it requires
more force to accelerate than
pushing an empty cart. The
heavier the cart (more mass), the
more force is required to achieve
the same acceleration.
Applications: Used in various
engineering disciplines, vehicle
designs, rocket science, and
Newton’s Third Law
This law states that for every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
This law means that whenever an object exerts a force on another
object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on Third Law
the first object. For every action, there's
an equal and opposite
reaction.
•Example : Rockets launch by expelling gases downward (action),
which pushes the rocket upward (reaction).
•Impact: This law is crucial in understanding motion in systems
where objects interact, such as in mechanics, fluid dynamics, and
aerospace technology.
Law Of Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other
particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product
Universal of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between their centers.
Gravitation
Example: The Earth attracts the Moon, keeping it in orbit, while the
Moon simultaneously exerts a gravitational pull on the Earth, causing
tides.
F=G*m1*m2*r^-2
• F is the gravitational force between two
objects.
• G is the gravitational constant:
• m1 and m2are the masses of the two
objects.
• r is the distance between their centers.
Awards and
•Knighthood (1705): Newton was knighted by Queen
Honors
Anne, becoming Sir Isaac Newton in recognition of his
contributions to science and public service. He was one
of the first scientists to receive this honor.
•President of the Royal Society (1703–1727):
Newton served as the president of the Royal Society,
the foremost scientific institution of the time, for over
20 years, promoting scientific inquiry and collaboration.
•Master of the Mint (1699): Appointed as the Warden
and later Master of the Royal Mint, Newton reformed
England’s currency system and combated
counterfeiting, significantly improving the country’s
economy.
•Copley Medal (1705): Newton was awarded the
prestigious Copley Medal for his research in optics,
which was among the earliest recognitions given by the
Royal Society.
•Burial in Westminster Abbey (1727): After his
death, Newton was buried with full honors in
Westminster Abbey, an honor reserved for the most
distinguished figures in British history.
Thank You
