AP World History
Mr. O'Flanagan
Unit 5:
Revolutions
Society & The Industrial
Age
Lesson 5.9
Learning Objectives
*Explain how industrialization
caused change in existing
social hierarchies and
standards of living
What
do you
see…?
Where are we…
● Industrialization affected govt’s,
economies and…People’s
everyday lives
● There was a sharp contrast
○ Middle class vs. Urban poor:
○ Child labor
○ Women experienced great change
– took jobs in factories / domestic
services…less time at home
○ Middle class: entertainment,
Effects on Urban Areas
● 1800-1850
○ Urban areas grew quickly without
government planning
○ Inhumane living conditions
○ Tenement apartment buildings
located in slums (where low-income
families were forced to live)
○ Polluted water supplies & open
sewers
● Impact of these conditions:
○ Disease (cholera) spread quickly
○ Fire & crime
○ Eventually these led to police & fire
departments, public health acts,
Where
our
clothes
are
made…
● How was the middle class
Effects on Urban Areas
impacted?
○ Increased living standards
○ Increased access to goods,
housing, culture, and education
○ Many moved to the urban areas
Effects on Class Structu
● New classes emerged in Britain
● Example: Working Class (bottom of the
social hierarchy)
○ Helped to construct goods rapidly
○ Factory system’s division of labor
○ Workers needed fewer skills because they only
worked on one part of the whole
○ Competition kept wages low
● Example: Middle Class
○ Factory & office managers
○ white -collar workers held office jobs, literate,
middle class
Captains of Industry
● At the top were the
industrialists and owners
of large corporations
● Captains of industry
● Became leaders of modern
society
Farm Works vs. Factory Work
● Farm Life
○ Lived close to family members
○ Women spun fabrics in their
homes
○ Parents & children worked
together
○ Worked your own schedule
● Factory Life
○ Worked away from home
○ Strict work hours (14 hours a
day, 6 days a week)
Effects on Children
● Low wages forced workers to send their
children to work too
● Could be as young as 5 years old
● Small fingers and size allowed them to
work on machine parts or in tight spaces
● Dust impacted many of their young lungs
● Coal mining children faced the most
dangers
○ Heat, heavy loads of coal to carry
○ Coal dust was unhealthy to breathe
○ Mine collapses and floods were constant
Ummm…No thanks
Child Labor- These Photos Ended
Child Labor
Effects on Women’s Live
● Effects on women depended on your
social class
● Working Class Women
○ Worked in coal mines (later illegal)
○ Textile factories
○ Women were preferred because you could
pay them ½ the amount as a man
● Middle Class Women
○ Didn’t work in factories
○ Stayed at home (was an indication that
her husband was capable of being the
family’s sole provider) → status symbol to
stay at home
Effects on Women’s Lives
● Advertising and Consumer culture
advertise to a “cult of domesticity”
that made the homemaker the ideal
● Advertising and pamphlets told women
how to keep the best home
● Working women had the hardest time
being able to do both (work & keep the
home)
● Industrialization led to feminism→ for
new opportunities for women, better pay,
This is how I should live…?
● Pamphlets instructed women how
to:
○ Care for the home
○ Raise kids
○ Behave in polite society
○ Urged them to be submissive,
pure and domestic
Women and Advertising
● Advertising and customer culture
contributed to ‘cult of domesticity’ –
the idealization of the female
homemaker
● Ads encouraged women to by
household products
● Make house a place of respite
(rest/relief)
Effect’s on Women’s Lives
● Industrialization spurred
feminism
○ a range of social
movements, political
movements, and ideologies
that share a common goal..
○ To define, establish, and
achieve the political,
economic, personal, and
social equality of the sexes.
Effects on Environment
● Powered by coal, petroleum and natural
gases
● Effects were harmful → toxic air pollution
● Smog (smoke & fog) from factories →
deadly respiratory problems
● Water became polluted
● Industries dumped their waste into
streams, rivers and lakes
● Diseases spread like cholera & typhoid
Industrial Revolution’s
Legacy
● Mass production made goods cheaper &
more accessible to a large amount of
people
● Growth of factories attracted people to
cities
● Negative effect on environment
● Working populations were crowded
● Created an unequal relationship between
worker and owner
● More poverty brought more crime
● Led to colonization to exploit natural
resources of other areas
Ummmmm….
