PRESENTATION
On
Knowledge of Different Types of Machine like
CNC, Lathe, Drilling and Shaping Machine
by
MERAJ ANSARI
Roll No. – 2214910010015
Bachelor of Technology
Mechanical Engineering
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHOLOGY
DEEN DAYAL UPADHYAYA GORAKHPUR UNIVERSITY
GORAKHPUR
November 2024
CONTENTS
• CNC MACHINE
• LATHE MACHINE
• DRILLING MACHINE
• SHAPER MACHINE
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
CNC MACHINE
• Numerical control is a method of automatically
operating manufacturing a machine based on code,
numbers, and special characters.
• Modern CNC Machine are improving further as
the technology is changing with a variety of
functions according to applications.
Fig:-01 CNC Milling Machine
Why Use CNC Machines?
• Increase production
• Improve the quality and accuracy of manufactured
parts
• Stabilize manufacturing costs
• Unmanned Operation
How CNC Works?
• Controlled by G and M codes C# Programmed
• Number of values and co-ordinates.
• Each number or code is assigned to a particular
operation.
• Typed in manually to CAD by machine operators.
• G&M codes are automatically generated by the computer
software.
Block Diagram of CNC Machine
LATHE MACHINE
• A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the
workpiece on its axis to perform various
operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling,
drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with
tools that are applied to the workpiece to
create an object which has symmetry about
an axis of rotation. Lathes are used in
woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning,
Thermal spraying/ parts reclamation, and
glass-working.
Fig:-02 Lathe Machine
COMPONENTS OF LATHE MACHINE
• Bed: The foundation of the lathe, providing support and stability for all
other components.
• Legs: Support the bed and the entire lathe structure, ensuring a stable
setup.
• Headstock: Holds the spindle, which rotates the workpiece, and contains
gears for speed control.
• Gear Box: Allows the adjustment of spindle speed by changing gears to
control rotation.
• Carriage: Moves the cutting tool along the workpiece, typically in both
longitudinal and cross directions.
• Tailstock: Positioned at the opposite end of the headstock, it supports the
workpiece and holds tools like drills or centers.
DRILLING MACHINE
• The drilling machine is one of the most common and useful machine
employed in industry for producing forming and finishing holes in a work
piece. The unit essentially consists of:
1. A spindle which turns the tool (called drill) which can be advanced in the
work piece either automatically or by hand.
2. A work table which holds the work piece rigidly in position.
Fig:-03 Drilling Machine
TYPES OF DRILLING MACHINE
• Portable Drilling Machine
• Sensitive or Bench Drill
• Upright Drilling Machine (Single Spindle)
• Upright Drilling Machine(Turret Type)
• Radial Drilling Machine
• Multiple Spindle Drilling Machine
• Deep Hole Drilling Machine
• Gang Drilling Machine
• Horizontal Drilling Machine
• Automatic Drilling Machine
OPERATION OF DRILLING MACHINE
• Drilling: Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work
piece by using a rotating cutter called Drill.
• Boring: It is process carried on a drilling machine to increase the size of an
already drilled hole.
• Reaming: It is a process of smoothing the surface of drilled holes with a tool.
• Counter Boring: This process involves increasing the size of a hole at only
one end.
• Counter Sinking: This is an operation of making the end of a hole into a
conical shape.
• Tapping: Process of cutting internal threads with a thread tool called as tap.
SHAPER MACHINE
• The shaper is reciprocating type
of machine tool primarily to
produce flat surfaces. These
surfaces may be horizontal,
vertical or inclined.
• It can produce any surface
composed of straight line
elements.
Fig:-04 Shaper Machine
TYPES OF SHAPER
• Shapers are classified in number of ways depending upon the general
feature of design or the purpose of which they are intended.
Shapers are classified under following headings.
1. According to the type of mechanism used -
a) Crank type b)Geared type c) Hydraulic type
2. According to the position and travel of ram-
a) Horizontal type b)Vertical type
3. According to type of design of table-
a)Standard shaper b)Universal shaper
APPLICATIONS
• Machining horizontal surfaces
• Machining vertical surfaces
• Machining angular surfaces
• Cutting Slots, grooves and keyways
• Machining irregular surfaces
• Machining splines/Cutting gears
CONCLUSION
In summary, while each machine has its strengths and specific applications, CNC
machines stand out for their automation and flexibility. Traditional machines like
lathes, drilling machines, and shaping machines still hold significant value for
specialized tasks and small-scale production. Understanding the unique
capabilities of each machine is essential for optimizing manufacturing processes.
REFERENCES
[1] Kong J. L. (2017) The design of simple slant bed horizontal CNC lathe, Tianjin
University of Technology and Education.
[2] Kong Jiale, Cheng Xuejian (2017) Modal Analysis of CNC Lathe’s Spindle Based
on Finite Element, Shandong Hayu University of Technology.
[3] https://www.kdkce.edu.in/upload//Lathe%20Machine.pdf
[4] https://www.scribd.com/presentation/320893646/drilling-machine-ppt
[5] https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/shaper-machine-66214162/66214162
THANK YOU
