PREPARED BY:
ANERI PANDYA
Presentation Flow
What is Internet of Things?
How IoT Works?
Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
The Future of IoT
The Potential of IoT
Few Applications of IoT
Technological Challenges of IoT
Teaching and Examination Scheme
Theory Practical Total
Teaching Scheme Credit
Hours Hours Hours
Hours/week 3 2 5
4
Marks 100 50 150
Units
Sr. Title of the unit Hours
No.
1. Introduction of IoT 5
2. IoT Architecture and Protocols 12
3. Enabling Technologies 10
4. Emerging Challenges 10
5. Opportunities for the Developing World 6
6. IoT Tools and Data Analytics 2
Total hours (Theory): 45
Total hours (Lab): 30
Total hours: 75
What is IoT?
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things"
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which
enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network
infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the
physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
“Things” in IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as
• heart monitoring implants
• biochip transponders on farm animals
• electric clams in coastal waters
• automobiles with built-in sensors
DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or field
operation devices that assist fire-fighters in search and rescue operations.
These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies
and then autonomously flow the data between other devices.
What is IoT ?
IoT connecting everyday things
embedded with electronics ,
software and sensors to the
internet enabling them to collect
and exchange data.
How IoT works?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel technology; instead, several
complementary technical developments provide capabilities that taken together
help to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world.
The Structure of IoT
The IoT can be viewed as a gigantic network consisting of networks of devices and
computers connected through a series of intermediate technologies where
numerous technologies like RFIDs, wireless connections may act as enablers of this
connectivity.
Tagging Things : Real-time item traceability and addressability by RFIDs.
Feeling Things : Sensors act as primary devices to collect data from the
environment.
Shrinking Things : Miniaturization and Nanotechnology has provoked the ability of
smaller things to interact and connect within the “things” or “smart devices.”
Thinking Things : Embedded intelligence in devices through sensors has formed the
network connection to the Internet. It can make the “things” realizing the intelligent
control.
The Father of IoT Kevin Ashton :
KEVIN ASHTON in 1999
coins the term “Internet of
Things” and establishes
MIT’s Auto-ID Center, A
global research network of
academic laboratories
focused on RFID and the IoT.
History of IoT:
How does IOT work?
There are four main components based on which an internet of things ecosystem works on,
1. devices or Sensors
2. Connectivity,
3. Data Processing and
4. User Interface. Lets look at each one of them one by one.
1. Sensor:
It is a device that measures physical input from its environment and converts it into data that
can be interpreted by a computer.
There are various types of sensors available now, For e.g. sensing motion, temperature,
pressure, light, sound etc.
This sensor is typically integrated with a microprocessor based embedded system which can
collate the data and connect to internet.
2. Connectivity
Several Communication Protocols and Technology used in IOT.
Depending upon Range, Power Usage, Cost, Data Rate etc. right one is used. E.g mobile,
Bluetooth, WI-FI, LoraWAN, etc.
All the collected data is sent via internet to a cloud infrastructure.
3. Data Processing
In the processing stage, a computer transforms the raw data into information.
The transformation is carried out by using different data manipulation techniques.
This process can be just aggregating from multiple devices like AC or Light. Or it can be complex
like extracting car number plates from video feed of speeding cars.
It could be classifying the data or do real time analytics and identify patterns for human
analysis.
4. User Interface
The information processed is made available to the end-user in some way, like an app which
can trigger alarm or send them notification through email or text message.
It might provide the user with actual live feed or show trends etc.
The application could also provide an interface to send instructions back as well, like resetting
the temperature or releasing water to the plants based upon moisture reading etc.
Advantages
Minimize human effort and save time
Lead to more automation and technical optimization
Help us to reduce waste and use our natural resources effectively
Disadvantages
Security of confidential Data is a key concern
Can lead to various types of network attacks
Maintaining privacy is a challenge
Applications of IOT
Smart parking system using IoT
Gas monitoring using IoT
Water Management using IoT
Noise Tube-Crowdsourcing of pollution
Data Using smartphones.
Thought Controlled Computing
3
0
Smart City using IoT
https://www.cleverciti.com/en/smart-city
Sensors in even the holy cow!
2
6
In the world of IoT, even the cows will be connected and monitored. Sensors are implanted
in the ears of cattle. This allows farmers to monitor cows’ health and track their movements,
ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of milk and meat for people to consume. On
average, each cow generates about 200 MB of information per year.
Sensors in even the holy cow!
How Smart Light Bulbs work?
The Future of IoT 1
7
"The Sky's not the limit. It's only the beginning with IoT."
Unlock the Massive potential of IoT
M2M(Machine to Machine)
M2M is more recently referred to technologies that enable
communication between machines without or with minimal human
intervention.
Point to point Communication between physical object.
Does not follow Internet Protocol (IP)–based networks and
Internet standards.
M2M is subset of IoT.
M2M(Machine to Machine) Network
Architecture and components of M2M
M2M Device: Device capable of replying to request for data contained
within those devices or capable of transmitting data autonomously.
M2M Area network(device Domain): Provide connectivity between
M2M Devices and M2M Gateways , e.g. personal area network.
M2M Gateway: Equipment that uses M2M capabilities to
ensure M2M Devices inter-working and interconnection to the
communication network.
Architecture and components of M2M
M2M Communication Networks (Network Domain): It covers the
communications between the M2M Gateway(s) and M2M application(s).
M2M(Machine to Machine)
An M2M area network comprises of machines (or M2Mnodes) which have
embedded hardware modules for sensing, actuation and communication.
Various communication protocols can be used for M2M local area networks such as
ZigBee, Bluetooth, Modbus, M-Bus, Wireless M-Bus, Power Line Communication
(PLC), 6LoWPAN, IEEE 802.15.4(LR-VPAN) etc.
The communication network provides connectivity to remote M2Marea networks.
The communication network can use either wired or wireless networks(IP-based).
While the M2M area networks use either proprietary or non-IP based
communication protocols, the communication network uses IP-based networks.
M2M gateway
Since non-IP based protocols are used within M2M area networks,theM2M nodes
within one network cannot communicate with nodes in an external network.
To enable the communication between remote M2M area networks,M2M
gateways are used.
Communication in IoT vs M2M
Difference between IoT and M2M :
Basis of IoT M2M
Abbreviation Internet of Things Machine to Machine
Devices have objects that are responsible Some degree of intelligence is observed in
Intelligence
for decision making this.
The connection is via Network and using
Connection type used The connection is a point to point
various communication types.
Internet protocols are used such as HTTP, Traditional protocols and communication
Communication protocol used
FTP, and Telnet. technology techniques are used
Data is shared between other applications
Data is shared with only the
Data Sharing that are used to improve the end-user
communicating parties.
experience.
Internet connection is required for Devices are not dependent on the
Internet
communication Internet.
Type of Communication It supports cloud communication It supports point-to-point communication.
Basis of IoT M2M
Computer System Involves the usage of both Hardware and Mostly hardware-based technology
Software.
Scope A large number of devices yet scope is large. Limited Scope for devices.
Business 2 Business(B2B) and Business 2
Business Type used Consumer(B2C) Business 2 Business (B2B)
Open API support Supports Open API integrations. There is no support for Open APIs
It requires Generic commodity devices. Specialized device solutions.
Centric Information and service centric Communication and device centric.
Devices/sensors, connectivity, data Device, area networks, gateway, Application
Components processing, user interface server.
Examples Smart wearables, Big Data and Cloud, etc. Sensors, Data and Information, etc.
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