‫مدیریت ضایعات‬

‫حفاری‬
‫محصوالت و‬
‫خدمات‬

‫‪1‬‬
 Introduction
David Stephenson
Manager, Drilling Waste Management, Iran
19 years experience in Drilling Waste Management.
o 2003 - To date – M-I Services, Manager, DWM - Iran

INTERNATIONAL
o 2000 - 2003 – Oiltools Europe. European Technical Manager
o 1992 - 2000 – Baroid, Technical Manager, Total Fluids
Management
o 1989 - 1992 – SWACO Geolograph, consultant Technical
Engineer
o 1987 - 1989 – Geoservices, Mudlogger
• Experience
Extensive experience in Iran, UK, North Sea, Central and
South America.
Total Waste Management Specialist
Introduced Rig Auditing, Mud Loss Evaluations TFM strategies.
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 HSE Mission Statement
• “To be recognised in our industry as the global
leader in HSE performance…”
• To develop a corporate culture in
which HSE is equally important to
all business activities.
• To ensure that all our activities are
carried out in a healthy, safe and
environmentally responsible
manner.
• To educate and influence
employees so that they embrace
HSE policies, practices and
procedures.
• To continually improve our HSE
performance.
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 Company Scope
• Drilling Fluids
• Solids Control
• Waste Management
• Instrumentation
• Equipment Sales
• Equipment Rental
• Engineering & Technical
Services Total Solution
providers

8
 Drilling Waste Management
• Drilling Waste Management in
Iran –
A New Concept?
• What is ‘Drilling Waste Management’?

M-I and affiliated companies strategy for

the Separation, Containment, Handling
and Disposal of all materials that originate
from drilling a well.

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 Drilling Waste Management

‘Drilling Waste Management’

Solids Control Waste

Equipment Management
Shakers, Collection Dryers
Conveyors Drying centrifuges
Centrifuges
Tanks Drying shakers
Mudcleaners Fixation
Degassers Dewatering
etc Cutting injection
Bioremediation etc

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 Drilling Waste Management

Solids Control? Why is this so important?

Reduced ROP
Increased Mud Costs
Increased Risk of Differential Sticking
Increased Drag and Torque
Increased Erosion of Surface
Equipment
Increased Risk of Lost Circulation and
Formation Damage
Poor Cement Jobs
Increased Environmental Impact

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 Drilling Waste Management

Rate of penetration
Influence of Solids on Drilling Rate  Excessive solids decreases
120 the rate of penetration
 Mainly caused by viscosity
Drilling Rate (ft/day)

80 and density increases:

- Less hydraulic power
40
- Poor hole cleaning

0
- Excessive chip hold
0 3 6 9
down
Solids Content (% v/v)  Solids also form cushion
between bit and formation

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 Drilling Waste Management
Equipment wear

Erosion Rate
Excessive solids increase equipment
wear
 Depends on solids content, shape, Er µ Dp2 m - 0.3
hardness and impact force
 All equipment in contact with Er = Erosion rate
circulating fluid is affected
Dp = Particle diameter
Equipment efficiency m = Fluid viscosity
 Excessive solids increase Fluid abrasiveness monitored
viscosity in field by sand content test
 Reduces pump efficiency (cavitation Measures particles Dp > 74
in suction, gas cutting) mm
Sand content kept < 1/4% v/v
 Impairs ability to treat fluid (separate
solids, mix, de-gas)

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 Drilling Waste Management
Solids Control? So it is important!
Drilling rate

 Control of density and flow properties

 Life of bits and surface equipment
 Accuracy of downhole information

Fluid costs

 Disposal volumes and costs

 Cementing problems
 Risk of differential sticking

14 Prove it!
 Drilling Waste Management
Solids Control reduces costs

Following the upgrade

of NIDC Rig 51 & 63

• Mud consumption reduced by 32%

• Mud mixing, haul in and haul out reduced by 20%
• Significantly reduced drilling parameters, improved footage, reduced
hole problems.
• Net saving of $450,000 per well in drilling fluid costs
• Net saving of $20,000 per well on waste management costs
• Environmental impact reduced by 50%

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 Drilling Waste Management
Shale Shakers – MONGOOSE PT
The MONGOOSE PT shale shaker pre-tensioned ( PT) screen
shaker that utilizes Linear motion for fast conveyance and
heavy solids loading while balanced elliptical motion for
maximum cuttings retention time and drier cuttings. The
dual motion can be switched with the shaker still operating
• Dual motion – linear & BEM
• 30 square feet of available
screening area
• Unique mud inlet distribution
box
• Manual bed angle adjustment
• Small footprint
• Reinforced “X” frame basket
• “P” Seal technology for
screens
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 Drilling Waste Management
Shale Shaker Screens – the key to first class separation
Manufacturing Premium
Screens for all makes of
Shale Shakers

ISO 9001: 2000

•

ISO 14001: 1996

•

XR, TRSF, DX,

•

Manufacturing procedures
•

constantly reviewed

Full Engineering Support

•

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 Drilling Waste Management
Hydro-cyclones

Although the shale shaker is considered the primary solids

control removal device, hydrocyclones are a method of
removing many of the fine solids that have passed through
the screens.
• Solids are discharged with
high volume of liquid

• Performance dependant on
viscosity and feet of head at
manifold / cone

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 Drilling Waste Management
Mudcleaners
Mud Cleaners consists of a two-stage separation process
using a combination of hydro-cyclones mounted over a shale
shaker to operate as a single unit. Effective on both weighted
and un-weighted drilling fluid systems in removing and
drying the solids while retaining the expensive liquid,
lowering both drilling mud cost and disposal cost.

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 Drilling Waste Management
Centrifuges
Centrifuges are capable of removing very fine solids that
cannot be removed by any other mechanical separation device.
Centrifuges come in fixed rotating speeds or variable speed
units. Variable speed units offer infinitely adjustable bowls and
scrolls (differential) that can influence mud (feed) volume and
can vary micron (cut point) separation of solids out of the
drilling liquid. Infinite adjustability provides a complete range
• High centrifugal force for high
of centrifuging capability with a single unit.
G’s

• Precision balanced for high

RPM’s

• Recovers barite

• Rejects low- gravity solids while

20 reclaiming valuable drilling mud
 Drilling Waste Management
…. more associated equipment

• Flow dividers
•Degassers, Vacuum and
centrifugal
• Mud /gas separators
• Agitators
• High/low shear mix systems
• Pressure control, Chokes etc.

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 Drilling Waste Management

Waste Management in Iran –

A New Concept!

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 Drilling Waste Management
•Waste Management in Iran –
A New Concept!
HSE with prescriptive regulation based
on the degree of enforcement

DECISION
Overall Project Cost
DRIVERS although bids can sometimes
push daily cost only

Performance
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 Waste Management Principles
Key factors in the Waste Management Hierarchy
is ........ PLANNING
• In the project planning stage - define the different
waste streams of the project

• Categorise the streams according to the

contaminants

• Plan a Strategy how the rig will implement: reduction

at source, recycle and reuse, recover, treat and
dispose of each stream

• Planning, engineering and more planning early in a

project’s design will ensure success
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 Planning

Waste Management
• Advice on legislation and
regulatory requirements
• Definition of the different waste
streams of the project
• Help in planning DWM
requirements
• Rig Auditing/inspections

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 Planning
OMV Rig Layout
Trip Tank

Waste Management BEM600

Sump Low Speed Centrifuge

• Advice on Drill location Pad High Speed Centrifuge

Dirty water Tank

layout and design

DW
Dewatering Centrifuge
Dewatering Unit

Clean Water Tank

• Submission of detailed Sump

report and site waste

0 12 Metres
Scale

Cuttings Holding/Treatment Area

management plan
• In House Project
Engineering

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 Drilling Waste Management

Appropriate response for each challenge

Few Environmental Constraints Mongoose Balanced Elliptical
Single Deck Shale Shakers

Mongoose Mud Cleaner

Centrifuges, Barite Recovery,

High Dual/Single Systems, Degassers,
Efficiency Solids agitators.
Control Package
Cuttings Collection Systems,
Verti-G dryers.
Total containment systems
Enhanced Equipment Haul away
Disposal Offsite
Dewatering
Zero Discharge/Pitless Drilling Water Purification
Site Remediation
Downhole Injection of Wastes
Urban Applications

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 Drilling Waste Management
Appropriate response for each challenge

Remote, desert Urban

areas. Low Applications
Population
Responsible Zero Discharge
Onsite On/off site disposal
disposal of of dry Solids.
fluids and Disposal of Saline
solids water to sea only
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 Drilling Waste Management
Appropriate response for each challenge

Tomorrow will be driven by a rapidly developing

environmental awareness. 2 year ago, no waste
managment was being carried out.

Today, ALL drilling programmes must be submitted

with a stratagy for Waste Management

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 Drilling Waste Management
Appropriate response for each challenge
Today, Environmental
complaince is self policed but is
increasingly being viewed from
the authorities. Appreciation of
the damage both Oil and Salt
causes is focussing attention of
the drilling managers. Litigation
will become increasingly common

30
 The Choices?
What approach is being taken in Iran today?

Tradional Sump approach. 200 metres x 200 metre waste

pit, contains everything...well almost.

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 The Choices?
What approach is being taken in Iran today?

•Very large footprint,

•Extended Site preparation
•No segragation
•No containment
•Damageing to ground
water and local flora/fauna
Very big Visual sign...

This is the the established method of site

preparation. Works very well, but at what cost to the
environment?

32
 The Choices?
What approach is being taken by Operators in Iran today?

•Remote area...

•Discharge of dry cuttings to a prepared pit.

•Discharge of fluids to a lined pit for evaporation and
minor treatment.
No footprint when the rig has left.

33
 The Choices?
What approach is being taken by Operators in Iran today?

•Favoured appraoch
by the buy-back
operators in a remote
area.

•Pit construction and

closure imporatnt.
•Limited equipment
required.

34
 The Choices?
What approach is being taken by Operators in Iran today?

•Sensitive areas require increased discharge regulation.

•Segragation of solid wastes, reduction at source and
treatment to reduce moisture content. Full water treatment.

35
 The Choices?
What approach is being taken by Operators in Iran today?

•Strict compliance with

discharge crirterion.

•Discharge of solids into a un-lined pit only after testing.

Water treated to remove most contaminants and tested
before discharge to the sea.

•Again confined to Water based muds

36
 The Choices?
Zero Discharge? What is this?

•Some operators see the necessity to provide near

Zero Discharge waste management.

•This can only be achieved by Reinjection

•Urban sites will require full containment and haul away

of hazardous materials to another site. This site will be
provided by NIOC who will assume liability.

•What we can achieve is pitless or ’Clean site’

37
 The Choices, a Summary
Drilling
Waste Production. Fluids,
Cuttings with Drilling fluid no
longer
required

Return Water to
Site
Rain mud/mix system
Efficient water
solids
Control
Equip.

Segregation of Wastes

Old Mud, washwater, rain. all

is contained , segregated
Cuttings Waste Liquid wastes and processed through the
Dewatering unit

Transported from the shakers/

Collect
centrifuge

Contained for easy handling Dewatering unit

Liquid run off is collected
and treated by the
Dewatering unit
Segregated for best processing

solids are sent to the

cuttings treatment area
Transported

Treated for disposal

Disposal Options
Disposal
on /
Use on site or
offsite Non saline, non Oily cuttings
adjacent land
Stabilise/fix/
Only material to be Salty cutting, burry/haul
discharged is dry solids. away Stabilise, Bury,
Disposal options depends on Thermal Treatment,
38 character of material
Oily Cuttings,
Reinjection.
Bioremediation
 Appropriate for the site
What are the appropraite measures required?
Disposal of Contaminated materials:
Current Practices

Planning
•Regardless of the
remoteness, reduction of Physical Resources L

long term liability is key. I

•Solids control equipment Recover & Reuse A

B
•Water use
Treatment I
•Site design L
•Procedures Transport I
T
Disposal Y

39
 Appropriate for the site
• What are the appropraite measures required?
Waste Management: Reverse Wave
Engineering & Compliant Disposal

L
Planning
•Disposal should carry the I
only significant liability by Physical Resources
A

upstream planning, provision B

I
of equipment and a well Recover & Reuse
L
structured Waste I
Management Plan. Treatment
T

Transport Y

Disposal

40
 ‘Zero Discharge’ -

Operators are OMV Rig Layout

facing a Trip Tank

Challenging
series of wells in
BEM600

an
Sump Low Speed Centrifuge

environmentally High Speed Centrifuge

Dirty water Tank

sensitive

DW
Dewatering Centrifuge
Dewatering Unit

area.Design of
the site will Clean Water Tank

address all Sump

containment 0
Scale
12 Metres

issues: Cuttings Holding/Treatment Area

41
 ‘Zero Discharge’
•Site Design...Key points.
•Determine current and possible future regulations.
•Determine disposal sites.
•Avoid the ’sump appraoch’.
•Segragate saline and non-saline cuttings.
•Segragate water and cuttings.
•If Dewatering is used, segragate mud from all other wastes.
•Use non-saline cuttings to dilute the saline cuttings.
•Avoid Reuse of saline solids as building materials.
•Evaporation pools where possible. De-water where
necessary.
42
 •Site Design...Key points.
• High Efficiency
Solids control
Equipment.
• Top centrifuge
equipment.
• Desilters/desanders
• Dewatering Package
• Tanks, pumps,
• Expertise.

43
 •Site Design...Key points.

Reducing waste requires Four shakers guarantee fine

excellent solids Control efficiency. screening and redundancy. e.g. 18
Choice of the Premium Shake ½” hole 1400 gpm with 230 mesh
shakers. Balanced elliptical screens. Pneumatic screen
Technology tensioning allows all five screens to
be changed in less than 1 minute

44
 OMV
•Site Design...Key points.

Top hole can require

desilters to remove sand.
Used exclusively in
26”Hole

Desanders/desilters are
configured in ‘Zero
Discharge' mode!

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 OMV
•Site Design...Key points.

Dewatering recycles all mud and

provides solids removal, that is 100%
efficient. Reduces haul away volumes by
85%

Ready for reuse….

46
 OMV
•Site Design...Key points.

Compact and
effective. No waste Innovative design,
pit, no discharges. solutions driven
Maximum recycling,
reuse and less waste

47
 Recycling & Reuse
De-watering
A chemically enhanced centrifuging process that removes the
majority of the colloidal size solids in excess mud volumes.
These colloidal size solids are typically not able to be removed
via mechanical methods alone (solids control equipment)

Cost effective vs.
Transport & Disposal

Reduces water
consumption by recycling

Reduces liquid waste
volumes thus pit size and
SW 00067 C
civil work
48
 Cuttings Treatment

Stabilisation / Fixation
A simple process that allows to comply with discharge
regulation by mixing the cuttings with a reagent and
entrapping the contaminants in the resulting solid matrix thus
reducing their mobility and leachability into the environment


Easy, flexible and economical

Low tech, typically the first method
utilised for cuttings treatment

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 Cuttings Disposal

Bentonite Pit Liner

• Definition of the different waste
streams of the project
• Recommendations
• Assistance with planning DWM
requirements

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 Our approach to
Drilling Waste Management
Commitment
New Technology
Full Range of Services
Integrated Fluids Eng.

Project Planning
Added Value
Waste Minimisation

We Can Prove It!

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 Our approach to
Drilling Waste Management

Questions?

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