INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
18th TO 19th CENTURY
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The process of change from an agrarian and
handicraft economy to one dominated by
industry and machine manufacturing.
It was used for the first time in English by the
philosopher and economist Arnold Toynbee (1852-
83), to describe the changes that occurred in British
industrial development between 1760 and 1820.
THE FIRST INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The First Industrial Revolution
began in England in about 1750–
1760 that lasted to sometime
between 1820 and 1840.
During this period human and
animal labour technology
transformed into machinery, such
as the steam engine, the spinning
jenny, coke smelting, puddling
and rolling processes for making
iron, etc.
This transition included going
from hand production methods
to machines; new
chemical manufacturing and
iron production processes; the
increasing use of water power
and steam power; the
development of machine tools;
and the rise of the mechanised
factory system.
The textile industry was the first
to use modern production
methods, and textiles became the
dominant industry in terms of
employment, value of output,
and capital invested.
The industrial use of steam power
started with Thomas Savery in 1698.
He constructed and patented in
London the first engine, which he
called the "Miner's Friend" since he
intended it to pump water from
mines.
Steam engine was ne of the most
important part of the industrial
revolution.
THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The Second Industrial Revolution
usually dated between 1870 and 1914, although a number of its characteristic events can be dated
to the 1850s.
The Second Industrial Revolution
Also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid scientific
discovery, standardization, mass production and industrialization from the late
19th century into the early 20th century
The Second Industrial Revolution
A synergy between iron and steel, railroads and coal developed at the beginning of the Second
Industrial Revolution. Railroads allowed cheap transportation of materials and products, which in
turn led to cheap rails to build more roads.
The Second Industrial Revolution
The working conditions in factories were often harsh. Hours were long, typically ten to twelve
hours a day. Working conditions were frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents. Tasks tended
to be divided for efficiency's sake which led to repetitive and monotonous work for employees.
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