CHAPTER VI

SCULPTURE
Presented by Group 3
Betic, Fianna Claire V. Morines, Urrynel G.
Clamor, Jana Ysabel T. Nicomedez,Raiza Marielle G.
Ligad, Angel Bert L.
 Sculpture is from the Latin word sculpere which means “to carve.” The
tools used in sculpture are varied and is changing throughout history. It
engages our sense differently than paintings because it occupies space as a
three-dimensional mass through carving, casting modeling or assembling
materials (Sheldon, 1968). It has sought to produce artworks that are as
permanent and is working in durable and expensive materials such as bronze
granite, limestone, marble, and stone. More rarely, precious metals such as
gold, ivory, jade, and silver were used for chryselephantine works. More
common and less expensive materials were also used for broader
consumption, like cast metals, ceramics, glass, and hardwoods.

THE ORIGIN OF SCULPTURE

 The sculpture has long been one of the most popular forms of fine arts and one of the most beautiful
representations of the humankind. It was also used to represent societal concerns, such as morality,
politics, and religion (Witcombe, 1997). For many of years, scuplture has filled many roles in human life.
For example, the earliest sculpture was made to supply magical help to trackers, to represent gods, and to
hope of making their ancient kings becomes immortal.

Most common purpose of sculpture during the ancient time is associated with religion.Different images
like a human-made object revered for the spirit are familiar in many cultures. One of the oldest sculptures
discovered is an ivory statuette, dating approximately 30,000 BCE from a cave at Hohlenstein-Stadel,
Germany called Löwenmensch (which means a“lion-human”). This Paleolithic period statue is about 12”
tall and depicts a human figure with a feline face.

THE ORIGIN OF SCULPTURE

 Another very iconic and famous piece of sculpture is “the Sphinx” of
Egypt. This sculpture of an image of the pharaoh Khafreand is part of a
funerary complex for the pharaoh. Egyptian sculpture and all Egyptian
art were on the belief in a life after death wherein the body of their ruler
(the pharaoh) was preserved carefully and buried with some goods with
him to provide for his needs forever. The Egyptians often combined
features from various creatures to symbolize ideas. For example, the
head of the pharaoh Khafre is added to the bowing figure of a lion to
form the Great Sphinx. This type of masterpiece suggests the
combination of human intelligence and animal strength. The Great
Sphinx of Egypt is an enormous sandstone sculpture, measuring 240’ ft.
Long and 65’ ft. High.

THE ORIGIN OF SCULPTURE

 The sculpture is a perceptive-regeneration of reality through the use of three-dimensional
form. As a specialized work of art, its objective is to exemplify a concept by forming a visual
equivalent. Since the shape is the dominant characteristic of sculptures, the human body and
animals have been its primary subject. They are constructed using bronze, clay, ivory as their
mediums.

Likewise, the making of Sculpture is with the idea of expressing religious, personal, and
political views. This kind of artwork is meant to create a sense of patriotism, pride, greatness and
spiritual respect. Statues and sculptures have always been an integral part of museums and art
history. They become more popular as decoration items in private homes and office facilities.
Sculptures and miniatures have also become more popular as decoration items, and in the long
term, valuable art investments.

IMPORTANCE OF SCULPTURE
 Bust Statue Architectural

A bust is a sculpted and painted A statue is a life-size or a larger Architectural sculpture is a

representation of the upper part size of a sculpture of a person universal classification used to
of the human figure such as the or an animal, made of metal, describe a structural design such
head, neck, shoulders, chest or stone or wood. The world's as buildings, bridges, burial
breast. tallest statue is the 420 feet chamber and other big projects. It
(128 meters) Spring Temple is from a brand of materials which
Buddha in Henan, China. includes carved stone such as
brownstone, cast iron, machine
pressed sheet zinc, terra cotta,
concrete and other architectural
supplies.

TYPES OF SCULPTURES
 BUST STATUE ARCHITECTURAL

TYPES OF SCULPTURES
 MEDIUM &
TECHNIQUES

Sculpture techniques have the aim of providing

practical and technical support through several
procedures. These processes are either additive (added
material) or subtractive (material is removed or carved
out). Sculptures primarily use four basic techniques
 It is a procedure in which the artists
cut away objects until reached the
desired form. Various tools are used,
depending the materials to be carved
and the statue to which the work has
progressed.

1) CARVING
 a. Stone Carving
b.Wood Carving
It is a type of sculpture which
requires patience and planning. It a.It is the art of shaping objects of
is a shaping activity of pieces of wood using cutting tools. It is done
rough natural stone through the through a specialized carving knife
use of essential hand tools like (used to cut or smooth the wood),
hammer and chisel. the slicer saw (used to cut off
chunks of wood), the chisel (used
for lines and cleaning up flat
surfaces), and the gouge (used in
carving hollows, rounds, and
sweeping curves).

1) CARVING
 a. Stone Carving
b.Wood Carving

1) CARVING
 Carving Knife Slicer Saw Chisel Gouge

1.A) WOOD CARVING TOOLS

 Casting is a method by which a liquid
material is usually poured into a
frame or pattern, which contains a
hollow cavity of the desired shape,
and then allowed to harden. It has
two types.

2) CASTING
 a. Glass Casting
b. Slip Casting
It is a shaping activity of
pieces of rough natural It is a technique for the
stone through the use of mass-production of
essential hand tools like pottery, especially for
hammer and chisel. shapes not easily made on
a wheel

2) CASTING
 a. Glass Casting
b. Slip Casting

2) CASTING
 3) Molding
Molding sculpture is an additive
process. It is the working of soft 4) Assembling
or plastic materials(like clay
and wax) by hand to build up or Assembling is an additive process of
shape to create a form. gathering and joining different
materials to create an assembled
artwork. An example of assemblage
is Martin Puryear's network of
welded and sandblasted stainless
steel tubes whose joints are bound
together by strands of silver and
patented bronze

BASIC TECHNIQUES
 3) Molding
4) Assembling

BASIC TECHNIQUES
 Amrature Assemblage Base

It is skeleton-like framework It is a three-dimensional art It is the portion of the work

used to support the building assembly of various on which the sculpture rest.
of paper-mâché, usually materials, often taken from
made or stiff wire. scraps, junk, or various
natural or human-made
objects.

BASIC SCULPTURE TERMS

 Craftsmanship Plaster of Paris Freestanding

It is a skill with which one It is an excellent white It refers to a method when a

uses tools and materials in powder which sets hard sculpture is intended to view
producing art. when blended in the water from all sides.

BASIC SCULPTURE TERMS

 Manipulation Replica

It is a process of shaping an It refers to a precise

object by a skilled worker reproduction of an artwork

BASIC SCULPTURE TERMS

THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

GROUP 3

BETIC, Fianna Claire V.

CLAMOR, Jana Ysabel T.
LIGAD, Angel Bert L.
MORINES, Urrynel
NICOMEDEZ, Raiza Marielle
GET READY
FOR THE QUIZ
Kindly prepare 1 sheet of
lengthwise yellow paper and a
pen