ELEVATOR

/LIFTS
  An elevator lift is type of vertical
transportation that moves people or
goods between floors levels and
decks of a building vessel or other
INTRODU structure. Elevators are generally
powered by electric motors that

CTION
either drives traction cables or
counterweight system like hoist
pump hydraulic fluid to raise
cylindrical piston like a jack.
HISTORY
The earlies known reference to an
elevators is in the work of roman
architect Vitruvius who reported that
Archimedes (c 287 BC- c.212BC) built
his first elevator probably in 236 BC .
From later historical periods mention
elevators as carb on a hemp rope
powered by hand or by animals
On march 23 1857 the first passenger
elevator was installed at 488 Broadway
in new york city
TYPES OF LIFTS
According to Hoist Mechanisms
1 Hydraulic elevator
Hydraulic elevators work by using a
fluid to lift and lower the elevator car. They
have three main parts: a cylinder, a piston,
and a hydraulic pump. When the pump
sends hydraulic fluid into the cylinder, it
pushes the piston up, which raises the
elevator car.
These elevators are often used in low-
rise buildings because they are simple and
affordable. They are known for their
smooth movement and ability to carry
heavy loads. However, they usually need a
machine room and are slower than traction
elevators.
TYPES OF LIFTS
 A holed ( conventional ) hydraulic elevator's
They have shelves that extends below the floor of the elevator pit which accept the retracting
piston as the elevator decides
Max travel distance is approximately 60 feet
B Hole-less ( conventional ) hydraulic elevator's
Its further classified in to three parts
Telescoping hydraulic elevators
 In this configuration the telescoping piston are fixed at the base of the pit and do not require
sheave or hole below the pit and has 2 or 3pisces of telescoping pistons they allow up to 50
feet travel distance
Non telescoping ( single stage ) hydraulic elevators
 Has one piston only allows 20 feet of travel distance

C Robed hydraulic elevators

TYPE OF ELEVATOR

2 Traction Elevator (pull Elevator)

• Traction elevators are lifted by ropes which pass over a wheel attached to an electric motor above the elevator
shaft
• They are used for mid high-rise applications and have much higher travel speed than hydraulic elevator

• Traction elevator have main types as follows

A- Geared Traction Elevators :

They have gearbox that is attached to the motor which drives the wheel that move that the ropes. These are
capable of travel speed up to 500 feet per minute
B-Gear- less Traction elevators
Theys have the wheel attached directly to the motor , these are capable pf speeds up to 2000 feet per minute.
C Machine Room less Elevators
They are typically traction elevators that don’t have dedicated machine room above elevator shaft the machine
sits in the override space and the controls sits above the ceiling adjacent to the elevator shaft
TYPE OF ELEVATOR
3 Climbing Elevator
They hold their own power device on them mostly
electric or combustion engine.
They are often used in work or construction areas
TYPE OF ELEVATOR
4. PNEUMATIC ELEVETOR :-
 pneumatic elevators are raised and powered by controlling air pressure in a
chamber in which the elevator sits.
 By simple principles of physics; the difference in air pressure above and
beneath the vacuum elevator cab literally transports cab by air. It is the
vacuum pumps or turbines that pull cab up to the next Floor and the slow
release of air pressure that floats cab down.
 They are especially ideal for existing homes due to their compact design
because excavating a pit and hoist
 2.ACCORDING TO BUILDING HEIGHT:-
 A- Low-Rise buildings (1-3 stories):- Buildings up to about (1 to 3) stories
typically use hydraulic elevators because of their lower initial cost
 B- Mid-Rise buildings (4-11 stories):- Buildings up to about (4 to 11) stories
typically use Geared Traction Elevators
 C- High-Rise buildings (12+ stories):-
3. ACCORDING TO BUILDING TYPES:- Elevators will be classified according to
building type to 5 main types as follows:
 1.HOSPITAL ELEVETORS.
 2. RESIDENCIAL/DOMESTIC ELEVETORS.
 3.INDUSTRIAL ELEVETORS
 .4.COMMERCIAL ELEVETORS.
 5.PARKING BUILDINGS ELEVATORS
TYPES OF
ELEVETOUR
 1.HOSPITAL LIFTS

 Hospital bed elevators generally transport patients who are not well enough to
sit up even in a wheelchair.
 One of the features of bed elevators should be its ability to transport the patient
has smoothly as possible with minimal amount of bumping and jostling.
 Many contemporary bed elevators are manufactured to consume extremely low
amounts of power and to be durable with a number of safety features built-in.
 Hospital bed elevators generally draw very little power so that should there be a
power outage they are still operational off the hospital's backup power supply.
 Most often there will be a rear and a front entry to the elevator cabin.

 Used in hospital & treatment center. Designed for transporting large carts or
furniture
 Speed of elevator 100- 350 Ft/min.
 T wo sides of front and back doors for loading and unloading facilities. -Door
width between 900-1100mm
TYPES OF ELEVATOR
 2.RESIDENTIAL LIFTS
 Domestic elevators which are intended to move passengers up and down
stairs in a multilevel residence are quite similar to those used in large
public buildings.
 They can be built either inside the home or outside the home.
 Most often domestic elevators designed for carrying passengers in a
residential setting only carry perhaps two to four people safely and
comfortably
TYPE OF ELEVATOR
3. INDUSTRIAL ELEVETOR
 This type of elevators is used in construction, warehouses, and shipyards.
These are two types:- hoist elevators and incline elevators.
 A.Hoist elevator:-
 Hoist elevators are operated by a pulley and they can be a simple platform
or a cage in which humans or heavy materials are moved up and down
during industrial. applications.
 Generally, a pulley operates a rope or chain that wraps around a drum
causing the elevator to rise or descend.
 Hoist elevators carrying materials and equipment to upper levels as
needed while the building is being constructed.
TYPE
4. COMMERCIAL ELEVETOR-
 A- Commercial passenger elevators A passenger elevator is designed to
move people between a building's floors. Passenger elevators capacity is
related to the available floor space.
 B- Freight elevators A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed
to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are typically
larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator,
generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg
TYPES OF ELEVATOR
5.PARKING LIFT
It is of two types-
1.Conventional car parking
2.Auto car parking elevator
1.Conventional car parking
The conventional parking elevators are built to move vehicles to upper or lower
levels of the building because of their space saving feature ith ramps on and off
parking levels consume a lot of space which could be better utilized as parking
spaces for vehicles.
With the addition of parking elevators, vehicles can be transported up and down as
many levels as necessary by taking up only the space required for that vehicle. But
maintain the need for attendants to sit in the car, in the elevator and park it on the
floor on which there is space.
2. Auto car lift parking
 As against cars being driven (on ramps) or carried (in car lifts) to different
levels in conventional multi-level parking, cars are driven at only one level
for parking or retrieval, Cars are parked in steel pallets and a target pallet
comes up or down to the driveway level at the press of a button, for
parking or retrieval.
 Such car parking systems or auto parking systems are also referred to by
various other names in different parts of the world, such as "auto- parking",
"stack-parking", "mechanized parking", "mechanical parking", "parkomat
"modular parking" etc.
 ACCORDING TO ELEVATOR LOCATION
 A- Outdoor Elevator Common types of outdoor elevators are platform
elevators and incline elevators.
 1.INCLINED ELEVETOR
 -Outdoor elevators built on an incline can all be used to transport
passengers or goods.
 Incline elevators are most often recognized passenger elevators called ski
lifts. However, outdoor elevators that move cargo on an incline are
generally constructed with a conveyor belt and most often seen when loadi
cargo on ships and some types of aircraft
 2.PLATFORM ELEVATOR-
 While it is possible to use platform elevators indoors they are generally
classified as outdoor elevators because that is where they are most often
used.
 Platform elevators usually are not enclosed by having a have a fence or
gate running around the perimeter to keep cargo from slipping off during
transport.
 They usually use a system of pulleys as the working mechanism. Outdoor
elevators consisting of a platform are most often used at new construction
sites but they can also be used for such things as elevating workmen
renovating the façade of a building or washing windows on a high-rise
• ACCORING TO SPECIAL USES
• It is of two types-
HANDICAPPED ELEVATOR
GRAIN ELEVATOR
1.HANDICAPPED ELEVATOR-
• In reality, any type of elevator that can assist a handicapped person in going up and down
various levels of the building could be considered a handicap elevator.
• However, specific types of elevators are manufactured with handicapped persons in mind. A
good example of this would be a wheelchair lift that gets a handicapped person in and out of
vans.
• The lift comes out the sliding doors and descends in order to allow the wheelchair on the
platform.
• Then the lift is raised up and backs into the vehicle. Most city buses have this type of
handicap elevators installed on them,
2.GRAIN ELEVATOR
 A grain elevator is a tower containing a bucket elevator, which scoops up,
elevates, and then uses gravity to deposit grain in a silo or other storage
facility.
 They can be classified as either "country" or "terminal" elevators, with
terminal elevators further categorized as inland or export types. Operations
other than storage, such as cleaning, drying. and blending, often are
performed at elevators. The principal grains and oilseeds handled include
wheat. com, oats, rice soybeans, and sorghum.
COMPONENTS OF
ELEVATOR
ELECTRICAL
COMPONENTES
 ➤ LIFT SUB SYSTEM
 Control Motion - includes motor, gear, engines, brakes and power supply.
 Control System to get control the movements of the lift.
 Door Control-contained motor connecting lift car doors, platforms gates
and door safety devices.
 Safety Control contain the safety gear, speed controller for the first
balance, heat and lack of power.
LIFT SHAFT
• The lift shaft, also known as the elevator shaft, is the vertical passage or
enclosure in which the elevator moves up and down.
• It is determined by the number of user.
• Constructed with reinforced concrete. To accommodate the loading and fire
resistance. Size of lift shaft space.