ANA JILL V.

LERIDA, LPT
PR1 Teacher
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson learners will be able to:

1.define and explain research;

2.explain the importance of research in the daily life
of individual; and
3.describe the characteristics of research and the
goals of conducting such.
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
 WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Research is an organized investigation and study of materials and
sources to create facts and reach new inferences. Research has come up
with developing appropriate solutions to improve the individual’s quality
of life. Although it may take place in a different setting and may use
different methods, scientific research is universally a systematic and
objective search for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010).
Research is a verified approach of thinking and employing
legalized instruments and steps to obtain a more adequate solution to a
problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means
(Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995).
In most cases, research helps society to answer the WHAT and
HOW questions. It must be a proper investigation and should reach a
valid conclusion that would facilitate the finding of answers to the
questions. Some of these questions are: How can research affect
society? What is the impact of the research to daily life?
 It is defined as the systematic and organized
process of collecting, organizing, analysing, and
interpreting data to find answers to our queries.
Research can mean any sort of “careful,
systematic, patient study and investigation in
some field of knowledge.”
Research follow a step-by-step process of
investigating that uses a standardized approach in
answering questions or solving problems
(Polit&Beck, 2004)
Importance of Research to Daily Life

Research tries to discover new ideas and knowledge on

something new that would contribute to the development
and betterment of specific field of discipline

Research also helps us to work scientifically and

systematically

It also help students to have an in-depth knowledge of

something and elevate their mental activities by letting you
think in higher order thinking skills of inferring, evaluating,
synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating
What is Qualitative Research?

Qualitative research is a type of social science research that collects and

works with non-numerical data and that seeks to interpret meaning from these data
that help understand social life through the study of targeted populations or places
(Crossman, 2020).

According to Bhandari (2020),

Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data
(e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can
be used to gather in-depth insights into a problem or generate new ideas for
research.

Qualitative research is the opposite of quantitative research, which involves

collecting and analyzing numerical data for statistical analysis.

Qualitative research is commonly used in the humanities and social sciences,

in subjects such as anthropology, sociology, education, health sciences, history, etc
Difference between Qualitative Research and
Quantitative Research

Qualitative research requires non- numerical

data and makes use of words rather than
numbers to express the findings while
quantitative research involves measurement of
data and makes use of quantitative data to
express the study
Contributions of Research

Research can be done either in the qualitative or

quantitative form in the following areas of discipline: arts,
humanities, sports, science, business, agriculture and fisheries,
information and communication technology, and social inquiry.
Qualitative research is more appropriate in the areas of
arts, humanities, social sciences and social inquiry.
Quantitative research is more appropriate in the areas of
mathematics, science, business, information technology,
agriculture and fisheries.
However, it should be noted that both research
approaches can be used in all disciplined depending on the
objectivity of the research study to be conducted
Qualitative research question examples

• How does social media shapes the minds of

teenagers?
• How do students interpret quality education?
• What factors influence employee motivation in a
large organization?
• How does depression affects student performance?
 Importance of Research
1. Research provides a scientific basis for any practice or methodology in
any field or discipline.
2. Research is undertaken for the continuous development and further
productivity in any field.
3. Research help develop tools for assessing effectiveness of any practice
and operation
4. Research provides solutions to problems concerning almost all issues
encountered in the different areas of work.
5. Research impacts decision-making.
6. Research develops and evaluates alternative approaches to the
educational aspects of any discipline
7. Research aims to advance the personal and professional qualifications
of practitioner.
 CHARACTERISTICS, PROCESSES, AND ETHICS IN
RESEARCH
Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the major characteristics of
research:
1. EMPIRICAL - is based on observations and experiments of theories.
2. SYSTEMATIC - follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. CONTROLLED - In research, all variables, except those that are tested/
experimented on, are kept constant.
4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS - refers to a search for facts, answers to
questions and solutions to problems.
5. ANALYTICAL - shows analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether
historical, descriptive, and or case study.
6. OBJECTIVE - it is unbiased and logical. All findings are logically based on
real-life situations.
7. ORIGINAL WORK - it requires its own examination and produces the data
needed to complete the study.
 It is said that research can be done in different ways. It can
be either a well-planned and methodical process that is based
on keen observation and concrete and valid evaluation.
Integration is the best way to evaluate the validity of a certain
study.
 Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the following are involved
in the Research Processes:
1. DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM: What is the problem?
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: What evidence is
already presented?
3. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How are we going to find/look
for the answer to questions being studied?
4. RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the study be shown and with
what population?
5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready to gather the data? Where
do we find the data?
6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the data answer the research
queries?
7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What are the implications of the
results?
According to Resnik, 2007, ethical norms are significant in
conducting research studies as explained in the following:

First, ethics promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and

credibility. It also fosters values that are essential to
collaborative work.
Second, ethical norms help individuals to be accountable in
every act that the researcher/s undertake.
Third, ensure that researchers are held accountable to the
public.
Lastly, an ethical norm in research also needs public
awareness. This can be evaluated by the researcher before
conducting the study because this may help a certain
population in an area once the study is completed.
 Ethical Codes and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007
Given the importance of ethics in the conduct of a research, you will follow codes
and policies for research:
 Honesty
Maintain all communication. Data should not be faked.
 Objectivity
Avoid biases in experimental designs, data analysis, interpretation, expert
testimony, and other aspects of research.
 Integrity
Keep your promises and agreements.
 Carefulness
Avoid careless errors and negligence.
 Openness
Share data, results, ideas and tools. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
 Confidentiality
Protect confidential communication.
 Responsible Publication
Avoid duplicating publications.
 Responsible Mentoring
Help to educate, mentor, and advise others.
 Respect Colleagues
Treat all peers fairly.
 Social Responsibility
Strive to promote social good. Avoid social harm.
 Non- Discrimination
Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis
of sex, races, ethnicity, and or others.
 Legality
Be informed and obey relevant laws and institutional
governmental policies.
 Respect of Intellectual Property
Give proper acknowledgment or credits to all researchers.
 Human Subject
Minimize risks that involve human lives, dignity, and privacy.