HE 6305
Hydraulic Engineering for Infrastructure
Development and Management
IRRIGATION CANAL DESIGN
Group of
Md. Iqramul Haque Emon(0424282309)
Sumaiya Rahman Oishe (0424282324)
Md. Shahriar Hossain (0424282332)
Faisal Fahad Rio (0424282335)
INTRODUCTION
• An irrigation canal is a man-made waterway designed to deliver water from
natural sources like rivers or reservoirs to agricultural field. Irrigation canals play a
vital role in Bangladesh's agriculture-dependent economy, ensuring water
availability for crops during dry seasons.
Why this topic?
In a country like Bangladesh, prone to both seasonal flooding and droughts, a well-
planned and maintained irrigation canal can contribute significantly and directly to
food security and rural livelihoods.
DEVELOPMENT
• Design Consideration
o Hydrological Factors: Rainfall Pattern, Water Demand
o Soil Parameters: Soil Erosion, Permeability, Stability
o Land Gradient
o Water Source availability and flow management
o Sedimentation
o Canal capacity and Cross section design
o Locally available and durable material selection
o Structural components
o Climate change impacts
Types of Canal
• Unlined Canal
• Masonry lining Canal
• Concrete Slab lining Canal
• Concrete lining (with RBC) Canal
• Concrete Retaining Wall Canal
A masonry lining provides a cost-effective and locally sourced solution for
reducing water seepage. It minimizes water loss, reduces erosion of the canal bed
and banks, and improves the stability of the structure. This method is
environmentally friendly and sustainable, as it uses natural materials available in
the vicinity, making it ideal for rural areas with limited resources. It also allows for
easier maintenance and adjustments compared to more rigid lining options.
Step-by-Step Procedure
• 1. Survey and Data Collection:
• - Conduct topographical and hydrological surveys.
• - Collect data on rainfall, soil type, crop water requirement, and area coverage.
• 2. Determine Canal Capacity:
• - Use Continuity Equation: Q = A × V
• Where:
• Q = Discharge capacity (m³/s), A = Cross-sectional area (m²), V = Velocity (m/s)
• 3. Canal Alignment and Slope Design:
• - Calculate slope using Manning’s Equation: V = (1/n) × R^(2/3) × S^(1/2)
• Where:
• V = Velocity (m/s), n = Manning’s coefficient, R = Hydraulic radius (m), S = Slope
• 4. Design Cross-Section:
• - Use Trapezoidal Formula: A = b × y + m × y²
• Where:
• b = Bottom width (m), y = Depth of water (m), m = Side slope ratio
Procedure Continued
• 5. Check for Sediment Transport:
• - Verify using Sediment Transport Equation: Qs = k × d^(5/3) × S
• Where:
• Qs = Sediment transport rate (kg/s), k = Sediment coefficient,
• d = Depth of flow (m), S = Slope
• 6. Structural Design and Safety:
• - Add lining to prevent seepage.
• - Design side walls for stability using hydraulic grade line analysis.
• 7. Construction and Testing:
• - Excavate based on design specifications.
• - Test canal capacity and efficiency.
Flowchart
• 1. Survey and Data Collection →
• 2. Calculate Canal Capacity →
• 3. Design Alignment and Slope →
• 4. Cross-Section Design →
• 5. Verify Sediment Transport →
• 6. Structural Safety →
• 7. Construction and Testing
MANAGEMENT
Regular monitoring and an efficient management information system is
indispensable in the effective operation and maintenance of irrigation systems.
o Desilting, regular bank repair and periodic monitoring of structural integrity
o Proper irrigation schedule, flow monitoring and use of water regulator
o Canal lining and vegetation control to avoid water loss and maintain proper water
flow
o Community awareness for efficient water use
o A proper central database for storage and analysis of system operation
information
o Appropriate management environment
Humanitarian Improvements through
Irrigation in Kaya Union, Kushtia
Humanitarian Challenges
Addressed
• Food Security: Consistent water supply reduces hunger and
dependency on rainfall.
• Income Stability: Supports reliable livelihoods for local
farmers.
• Access to Resources: Ensures equitable distribution of water
for all community members.
• Community Resilience: Enhances the region’s ability to
withstand environmental and economic challenges.
Social Impact
• Strengthening Communities: Encourages collaboration in water management.
• Improved Living Standards: Better access to water improves hygiene and health.
• Reducing Rural-Urban Migration: Opportunities in agriculture discourage
migration.
• Example: Villagers reported higher satisfaction and engagement in local activities
after similar projects.
Economic Empowerment
• Enhanced Productivity: Irrigation enables multiple cropping
cycles, boosting incomes.
• Job Opportunities: New roles in farming, maintenance, and
water resource management.
• Market Growth: Increased produce supports local and regional
trade.
• Example: Farmers in the GK region increased their yearly
income by 40% through better irrigation systems.
Sustainable Environmental Impact
• Resource Conservation: Prevents groundwater depletion through surface water
use.
• Biodiversity Support: Enhances agricultural ecosystems.
• Climate Adaptation: Builds resilience against drought and erratic rainfall.
• Example: Community-led irrigation projects have revitalized soil and water
systems in similar regions.
A Pathway to Better Lives
• Humanitarian Vision: This project addresses fundamental needs for water, food,
and livelihoods.
• Community Transformation: It strengthens the social fabric and promotes equity.
• Long-Term Impact: By supporting irrigation, we ensure a sustainable future for
Kaya Union.
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THANK YOU
