Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Soap

PREPARED BY

AGRAWAL KHUSHBUBEN M. (192520290001)

BHUDHARA TRUPTI K. (192520290003)
PATEL BHAKTI C. (202520290001)
PATEL UTSAV T. (202520290002)
MAHETA KRISH B. (202520290004)

GUIDED BY
MR. SAMIR J. PUROHIT

Shri B. M. Shah College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,

Modasa-383315
 CONTENT

 Introduction
 Review of literature
 Ingredients use in formulation
 Aim and Plan of Work
 Experimental work
 Results and discussion
 Conclusion
 Reference
INTRODUCTION
 Soap is an important personal hygiene product that is used for cleaning the skin.
Polyherbal soaps are soaps that contain more than one herbal ingredient. Polyherbal
soaps are becoming popular because they offer several benefits to the skin due to the
presence of multiple herbal ingredients.
 The herbs infused in these soaps have therapeutic and healing characteristics that
offer specific benefits to the skin, such as nourishment, strength, healing and
moisturizing. These soaps also contain super fatty oils, Vitamin E, aloe vera and
essential oils, that all lead to the goodness of skin and overall health.
 Herbal soap preparation is a medicine it contains anti-bacterial, anti-septic, and anti-
oxidant properties.
 It mainly uses parts of plants like seeds, rhizomes, nuts and pulps to treatment for an
injury or disease or to achieve health. Herbal soap does not contain the artificial
colours, flavours, fluorides etc. when compared to the content of commercial soap.
 Herbs are natural products mostly found in the treatment of almost all diseases and
skin problems owing to their high medicinal value, cost-effectiveness, availability
and compatibility.
ANATOMY OF SKIN
 The skin or cutaneous membrane covers
the external surface of the body. It is the
largest organ of the body in surface area
and weight.
 The function of the skin is
body temperature regulation, a
reservoir for blood, protection
from the external environment,
cutaneous sensations, excretion
and absorption, and vitamin D
synthesis
 Skin is the most exposed part of the body to the sunlight, environmental pollution
and also to some protection against the pathogens.
 The most common skin disorders are eczema, warts, acne, rashes, psoriasis, allergy,
etc.
TYPES OF SOAP

 Natural/Herbal Soap
 Liquid Soap
 Moisturizing Soap
 Anti-bacterial Soap
 Chemical Free Soap
 Foam Soap
 Bar Soap
 Body Soap
HERBAL SOAP
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Variable Quality
 Natural Ingredients  Shorter Shelf Life
 Higher Cost
 Hypoallergenic  Limited Availability

 Environmentally Friendly

 Aromatherapy Benefits
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sr.no Researcher Inference
1 Shakeela Bacterial skin infections are most common amongst people, requiring significant
Shaik et al, attention for treatment and also for maintaining healthy skin. The herbal Cosmetics,
2023, referred to as product, are formulated using various cosmetic ingredients to form the
base in which one or more herbal ingredients are used to provide cosmetic benefits
called as “Herbal Cosmetics”. Some herbal plant extracts of Rose water, Glycerin
Soap base, Aloe Vera gel, Azadirachta indica extract, Turmeric, and coconut oils
were found to be antimicrobial.

2 Arvind N. Important way to limit the entry of pathogens in the body via skin, is by maintaining
Shukla et al, the hygienic state of the skin, this can be achieved by using soaps every day during
2023, bathing. The chemical based soaps contain harsh chemicals which can cause
damage to the skin, so development of a herbal soap containing plant extracts is
need of the hour. Some plants are known to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
anti-scar, anti-spot, anti-acne and anti-wrinkle effect and these properties make them
fit for use in any herbal soap.
3 Ravi R. Shah et The main objective of our study to develop and evaluate polyherbal hygienic
L, 2022 soap by using different herbs which is fulfilled with different activities such as
anti-ageing, anti-wrinkles, anti-inflammatory, anti-acne, anti-bacterial etc. Our
polyherbal soap prepared by using the soap base compose of coconut oil,
glycerin, sodium hydroxide (lye), and different extracts such as extract of
Brassica oleracea var.

4 Rakesh K. The aim of our study was to develop the polyherbal hygienic soap by using cold process
Sindhu et al, method. Soap was prepared using coconut oil, castor oil, Neem oil, Mentha oil, rose
2019 petals extract and NaOH (lye) and the different extracts. . The results demonstrated that
pH 6.5–7, foam index was 16.5, foam retention time 10.0 minutes, ethanol soluble matter
was 63.80% for herbal soap.
INGREDIENTS USE IN FORMULATION
ALOE VERA
Synonym: Aloe, Ghritkumari
B/S:Aloes is obtained from the dried juice collected by
incision from the bases of the leaves of various species
of Aloe Barbadensis Miller known as curacao aloes.
Family: Liliaceae
G/S: Eastern and southern Africa, caribben islands, Europe, India, including north west
Himalayan region.
C/C: Anthracene glycosides (11 to 40%). Barbaloin or aloin, a C glycoside.
Isobarbaloin, aloe-emodin and aloesone.Alonosides A and B (only in cape aloes).
Resines, aloetic, homonataloin etc.
Uses:Aloe Vera is act as anti-inflammatory and gives cooling effect to skin. It is used in
sunburn skin. It provides a protective layer to the skin which helps retain moisture. Aloe
is also rich in antioxidants and minerals which can help speed healing.
ALMOND OIL
Synonym: Mandel, Amendra.
B/S: Almond oil is a fixed oil obtained by expression
from the seeds of prunus amygdalus (Sweet almond),
p. Amygdalus (bitter almond).
Family: Rosacea
G/S: Italy, spain, Syria, france,and north Africa, iran.
C/C: Almond oil consist of a mixture of glycerides of oleic (62-86%), linoleic
(17%) ,palmitic(5%), myristic(1%), stearic , linolenic, behenic, euric acid, benzaldehyde
and 2-4% of hydrocyanic acid, 5-avenasterol, tocopherol.
Use:Acts as an emollient, cleanses skin, Supports the skin barrier, slows skin aging,
relieves inflammation and itchiness, helps acne, reduces puffiness and under-eye circles,
improves complexion and skin tone, treats dry skin, helps reverse sun damage, reduces the
appearance of scars, reduces the appearance of stretch marks.
TURMERIC
Synonym: C.aromatica, domestic species is called C.longa
B/S: Turmeric consist of dried as well as fresh
"rhizomes" of the plant curcuma longa.
Family: Zingiberaceae.
Geographical source: India, Bangladesh, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia,
Indonesia, and Philippines.
Chemical constituents: The active constituents of turmeric are the flavonoid curcumin
(diferuloylmethane) and various volatile oils, including tumerone, atlantone, and
zingiberone. Other constituents include sugars, proteins, and resins. beta pinene, alpha
phellandrene, camphor, camphene, Zingiberaceae, alpha and beta curcumenes
Use: Turmeric paste is applied for various skin diseases, burns, bites and eye infections.
Helps brighten dark spots, heal skin wounds, helps with some skin conditions, reduce
blemishes, fade skin scars, brings out the glow, moisturizes dry skin, treat stretch marks,
protect against environmental damage.
NEEM OIL
Synonym: Margosa oil, Nimtree,Indian lilac
B/S: Oil obtained from fully matured seeds of
Azadirachta indica
Family: Meliaceae.
G/S: It is found in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaya, Indonesia, Japan. In India, it is
found in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, M.P.
C/C: Composed of Azadirachtin, epoxyazadiradione, salannin, triglycerides,
triterpenoids, steroids, ninbin, nimbidin, omega-6, omega-9, palmitic acid, stearic acid.
Use:Neem oil works on acne and boils. It is often added to the bathwater of kids who are
recovering from viral rashes. It is believed to delay the aging of the skin and early skin
wrinkling. neem oil can be used to heal wounds, hike up the production of collagen in
your skin, and even reduce stubborn scars. Using neem oil reduces the risk of warts
appearing on your skin. Using neem oil fastens the wound-healing process. It helps you
get clearer, smooth skin that glows naturally without artificial ingredients.
COCONUT OIL
Synonym: Copra oil, coconut butter, coconut oil.
Biological source: Coconut oil is the expressed
from the dried solid part of endosperm of coconut,
cocos nucifera L.
Family: Palmae.
G/S: It is largely cultivated in African and southeast asian countries. Large quality of oil is
produced in india, srilanka, Malaysia, south Africa, china, Indonesia, and other countries.
C/C:Coconut obtained from the hard, dried endocarp consists of a mixture of triglycerides
of saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, Caprylic acid, 2% capric acid, lauric
acid and myristic acid about 1%.
Uses: Helps your skin to reduce dryness and allows your skin to retain moisture, soothing,
calming effect and can help reduce temporary redness, antibacterial, anti- fungal and
antiviral properties and promotes wound-healing. Protects against skin cracking due to its
vitamin E content, Prevents premature aging due to its antioxidant properties.
ROSE OIL
Synonym: R. Bella, R. Gallica
B/S: The rose oil is obtained from the dried roots,
flowers and leaves of plant Rosa centifolia.
Family: Rosaceae
G/S: Rosa centifolia are particularly to the French city of Grasse.
C/C: The important chemical constituents isolated from flower Terpene alcohol,
geraniol, nerol,Phenyl ethanol (43%), Geranyl acetate (15.6%), Geraniol (10.5%),
Linalool (6.9%), Benzyl alcohol (3.3%), Benzaldehyde (1.5%), Nerol (5-10%),
Citronellyl acetate (0.3%).It also contains tannins, oloigomeric proantrocyanides,
saccharine matter, mineral salts, salt of mallic acid & tartaric acid.
Use: Rose oil and rose water is used in various preparation especially facial and skin
treatment. Also used in perfume. Rose oil is also act as moisturizer. It also wildly used as
cleansing agent and skin tonner in dilute form. Rose oil is one of the most commonly
used and versatile scents in soap. Its floral and sweet aroma makes it a great choice for a
variety of skin products.
MULTANI MITTI
Uses: Multani mitti helps skin by different ways like
diminishing pore sizes, removing blackheads and
whiteheads fading freckles, soothing sunburns,
cleansing skin, improving blood circulation,
complexion, reducing acne and blemishes and gives a
glowing effect to a skin as they contain healthy
nutrients. Multani mitti is rich magnesium chloride.
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Synonyms : lye and caustic soda
IUPAC Name: Sodium hydroxide
Chemical Formula: NaoH
Molecular Weight: 39.99
Uses : Sodium hydroxide is a popular strong base used in the industry. Around 56% of
sodium hydroxide produced is used by industry, 25% of which is used in the paper
industry. Sodium hydroxide is also used in the manufacture of sodium salts and
detergents, pH regulation, and organic synthesis. Sodium hydroxide is used in many
scenarios where it is desirable to increase the alkalinity of a mixture or to neutralize acids
GLYCERIN
Synonyms: Glycol alcohol
IUPAC Name: Propane-1, 2, 3-triol
Chemical Formula: C3H5 (OH) 3
Molecular Weight: 92.09
Properties of Glycerin: Pure glycerin has a melting point of 17.8°C. Its boiling point is
290°C but it also decomposes at that temperature. The presence of three hydroxyl groups
makes the compound hygroscopic, with a tendency to absorb moisture from the air.
Uses: Glycerin is used in a number of industrial applications, in the pharmaceutical
industry, in cosmetics and personal care products, in the production of resins, detergents,
plastics and tobacco and as humectants in food
AIM AND PLAN OF WORK
 NEED FOR STUDY
• In recent years, the demand for herbal products has increased in developed countries.
• Herbal formulations are well recognized as effective treatments for a variety of
ailments.
• These goods are rising in demand as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic
products. In India, there are over 6000 herbal manufacturers.
• Ayurvedic medications are produced in about 4000 units.
• Most of the commercial soaps contains chemicals that can be harmful to the skin. Use
of nature herbal soap can be a good alternative.
• Herbal products have become an item of global importance both medicinally and
economically and usage of herbal products has increased, their safety and efficacy.
 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
AIM: Formulation and Evaluation of poly herbal soap
OBJECTIVE:
• main objective was to formulate medicated polyherbal soap having anti- microbial,
anti-bacterial properties and rich in antioxidant.
• Formulate the herbal soap with minimum side effect.
• The main purpose of preparing herbal soap is to use natural ingredients instead of
using chemicals.
• This polyherbal soap helps reduce health care associated transmission of contagious
disease more effectively.
 PLAN OF WORK
1. PURCHASE OF RAW MATERIAL
2. PRE-FORMULATION STUDY
2.1 Identification of Almond Oil
2.2 Identification of Neem Oil
3. PREPARATION OF POLY HERBAL SOAP
3.1 Formulation of Poly Herbal Soap
3.2 Procedure for Preparation of Poly Herbal Soap
4. EVALUATION OF POLY HERBAL SOAP
4.1 Colour
4.2 Odour
4.3 Shape
4.4 pH
4.5 Solubility
4.6 Foam Height
4.7 Foam Retention
4.8 Determination of Percentage Free Alkali
4.9 Primary Skin Irritation Test
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
6. CONCLUSION
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
MATERIAL USED IN EXPERIMENTAL WORK
Sr. No Materials Supplier/ Manufacturer

1 Aloe vera Apollo healthco limited, Chennai

2 Neem oil Hariom, Surat

3 Almond oil Dabaur, Himachal pradesh

4 Turmeric Patanjali, Haridwar

5 Multani clay K.bhavsar's, Ahmedabad

6 Coconut oil Parachute, Perundurai

7 Sodium hudroxide Finox Pellets, Ahmedabad

8 Glycerin Chemdyes corporation, Rajkot

TYPES OF EQUIPMENT USED IN EXPERIMENTAL WORK

Sr. No Instrument Supplier/Manufacturer

1 Digital Weighing balance Ascort, Rajkot

2 pH Meter Elico Li 120

3 Thermometer Micro lab

ROLE OF INGREDIENT
Sr. No Ingredients Role

1 Soap base Remove dirt from skin

2 Coconut oil Moisturizer, Anti-ageing

3 Sodium hydroxide Lye

4 Aloe vera Anti-oxidant, Anti-bacterial

5 Turmeric Anti-septic
6 Neem oil Skin conditioner, anti-bacterial

7 Rose oil Perfume

8 Almond oil Anti-oxidants
9 Glycerin Skin Hydration
PREPARATION OF POLYHERBAL SOAP

FORMULATION OF SOAP BASE

Soap base ingredient list
Sr. No Ingredients Quantity
1 Coconut oil 75 gm
2 Sodium hydroxide 13.28 gm
3 Distilled water 24.75 gm
4 Glycerin F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

- 4gm 8gm 12gm 16gm

 For the preparing soap base, take 75 ml of coconut oil in a 500 ml of beaker.
 Place it on the water bath boil the liquid up to forming strong thickness under the
temperature 40-45 C with stirring.
 And monitor the temperature level by using thermometer.
 Then take sodium hydroxide or Lye was weighed into a clean beaker and add into the
distilled water. Now add glycerin in it. again maintain the temperature by using
thermometer.
 Add this solution to the coconut admixture, boil at 40-45 C up to formation of base
consistency.
 Then the mixture can be transfer into soap moulds and keep it the freezer up to 2-3
hours and then after 2-3 hours remove the soap containing moulds from the freezer and
allow to 5 minutes without disturbance then soap will be formed.
PROCEDURE OF SOAP
 For preparing polyherbal soap take the required
volume of soap base in a 500 ml of beaker and
maintain the temperature to heat the soap base on
the water bath without stirring.
 Then the soap base will be converts into liquid form.
 And also add the all ingredients to the above mixture.
 Boil the mixture on the water bath to obtain proper mixture without stirring.
 Then the mixture poured into the soap moulds and freeze the soap containing moulds
up to 2- 3 hours.
 After 2-3 hours remove the soap moulds from the freeze allow to 5 minutes then soap
will be formed.
Composition of Polyherbal soap
Sr. No. Ingredients F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

1 Soap base 50 gm 60 gm 65 gm 70 gm 75 gm
2 Aloe vera gel 2 gm 2 gm 2 gm 2 gm 2 gm

3 Neem oil 1 ml 1.5 ml 2 ml 1 ml 2 ml

4 Almond oil 1 ml 1.5 ml 2 ml 1 ml 2 ml

5 Turmeric 0.5 0.5 gm 0.5 gm 0.5 gm 0.5 gm

gm
6 Multani mitti 0.25 gm 0.25 gm 0.25 gm 0.25 gm 0.25 gm

7 Roseoil 5 5 5 5 5
(drops)
EVALUATION PARAMETER OF POLYHERBAL SOAP
 Organoleptic characteristics
 pH
 Solubility
 Foam Retention
 Foam height
 Determination of Percentage Free Alkali
 Primary skin irritation test
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
PRE- FORMULATION STUDY

Identification Test Almond oil

 Solubility test: Oils are soluble in ether and

chloroform which indicate test is passed.
 Filter paper gets permanently stained with oil.
Which indicate test is passing.
Identification test Neem oil
• Test for Quinones: Red colour is
produced. Which indicates test is
passing.
• Test for Terpenoids: A red colour is
produced . which indicates test is
passing
POST-FORMULATION STUDY
Organoleptic characteristics
F.NO Colour Odour Shape

F1 Yellowish brown Aromatic Oval

F2 Yellowish brown Aromatic Oval

F3 Yellowish brown Aromatic Oval

F4 Yellowish brown Aromatic Oval

F5 Yellowish brown Aromatic Oval

Solubility test

F.NO Hot water Cool water

F1 Soluble Partially

F2 Soluble Soluble

F3 Soluble Partially

F4 Soluble Soluble

F5 Soluble Soluble
pH, Foam Height, Foam retention, % Free alkali, Skin irritation
F.no pH Foam Foam % Free Skin
Height retantion alkali irritation

F1 7.1 2.5 cm 1.9 cm 0.2% Non-irritant

F2 6.9 2.7 cm 2.3 cm 0.3% Non-irritant

F3 7.1 3.2 cm 2.1 cm 0.3% Non-irritant

F4 7.1 3.0 cm 2.3 cm 0.2% Non-irritant

F5 7.1 3.4 cm 2.5 cm 0.2% Non-irritant

CONCLUSION
• The prepared polyherbal soap was formulated using cold process technique with
antioxidant and Anti-bacterial properties.
• In the present study, an attempt was made to develop polyherbal soap by using
aloevera, turmeric, coconut oil, almond oil, Multani mitti, rose oil, neem oil and soap
base.
• The most important thing that polyherbal soap possess is that free from chemicals.
• From above all the results F5 Formulation is best out of all 5 Formulations because of
maintained level of glycerin.
• And in F1 to F4 formulation due to the less amount of glycerin these 4 formulations
get melted.
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