MODULE 4 THE

CHALLENGES OF MIDDLE
AND LATE ADOLESCENCE

PREPARED BY:
RHEA L. FORRO
“SUCCESSFUL PEOPLE ARE
ALWAYS LOOKING FOR
OPPORTUNITIES TO HELP
OTHERS. UNSUCCESSFUL
PEOPLE ARE ALWAYS ASKING:
“WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME?”-
BRIAN TRACY
THE PASSAGE TO
ADULTHOOD: CHALLENGE
OF LATE ADOLESCENCE
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
 Most girls have completed the physical
changes related to puberty by age 15.
Boys are still maturing and gaining strength,
muscle mass and height and are completing
the development of sexual traits.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
May stress over school and test scores.
Is self-involved(may have high expectations and
low self esteem)
Seek privacy and time alone.
Is concerned about physical and sexual
attractiveness
May complain that parents prevent him or her
from doing things independently.
Starts want both physical and emotional intimacy
in relationships.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Shifts in relationship with parents from dependency
and subordination to one that reflects the adolescent’s
increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family
and the community.
Is more and more aware of social behaviors of friends.
Seeks friends that share to same beliefs, values, and
interests.
Friends become more important
Starts to have more intellectual interests.
Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others
May be influenced by peers to try risky behavior
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms

of the future.
Has a better understanding of complex problems
and issues.
Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role
models.
 MODULE 5:
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
AND CHALLENGES OF
ADOLESCENCE
SITUATION NO. 1
John is an active member of school organizations.
He has a lot of talents to share and ideas to
contribute to their club. Aside from that, he is
known for his looks, neatness, and tidiness.
However, these seemingly likeable characteristics
became the reasons that many get envious and try
to create rumors and gossips about him. This hurt
him so much that he almost wanted to drop from
schooling
Give your reaction:
SITUATION NO. 2
Erica is a Grade 11 student. Like any other
girls she is sociable and have a lot of friends
in school. She is just an average student, but
having a crush on her top one classmate
urged her to spend late nights studying to
keep up with him. However, all her efforts still
fell short and she did not make it to the cut of
students with honors. Because of this, she
developed an eating disorder that caused her
to lose huge weight. She also started to have
breakouts. With these, the then friendly Erica
became aloof and self-conscious.
Processing Questions:
1. What kind of adolescent did the two
students portray in the two situations?
2. What challenges did John and Erica
experience?
3. What challenges do Filipino adolescents
face most?
“Who are you?' said the Caterpillar. This was not an
encouraging opening for a conversation. Alice replied,
rather shyly, `I--I hardly know, sir, just at present-- at
least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I
think I must have been changed several times since
then.' What do you mean by that?' said the Caterpillar
sternly. `Explain yourself!'
`I can't explain myself, I'm afraid, sir' said Alice,
`because I'm not myself, you see.'
`I don't see,' said the Caterpillar.
`I'm afraid I can't put it more clearly,' Alice replied very
politely, `for I can't understand it myself to begin with;
and being so many different sizes in a day is very
confusing.' https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rgs/alice-V.html
ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is defined as the period between the normal onset of
puberty and the beginning of adulthood. In the Oxford English
Dictionary, the origin of the word adolescence was from late Middle
English (as a noun) and was derived via French from Latin
adolescent, which means ‘coming to maturity’. Other derivation of
the word the same origin is adolescere, from ad- ‘to’ + alescere ‘grow,
grow up’, from alere ‘nourish’.
The transition period between childhood and early adulthood is
quite difficult. This is the most crucial stage because this is the time
when teens start defining themselves. Remember, however, that each
adolescent’s experiences, individual changes, and growth vary.
DEVELOPMENTAL
CHALLENGES OF
ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is the transition period between
childhood and early adulthood– the most rapid stage
of human development. According to World Health
Organization (WHO), it is a period of life with specific
health and development needs and rights. It is also a
time to develop knowledge and skills, learn to manage
emotions and relationship, and acquire attributes and
abilities that will be important for enjoying the
adolescent years and assuming adult roles.
Cambridge Dictionary defines developmental as
relating to the process of growing or changing into a
more advance, larger and stronger form, while
challenges is defined as something that needs great
mental or physical effort in order to be done
successfully and therefore tests a person's ability. The
challenges the adolescents are facing occur during the
development of his/her biological, cognitive, and
physiological, spiritual and moral aspects.
 Early Middle Late
Adolescence Adolescence Adolescence

•Development •Development • Transition

Biological al changes and of body shape as the young
Challenges the onset of • Physical person
puberty as changes from consolidates
indicated by puberty his identity
growth spurt continue and comes
to grips with
his future.
 Early Adolescence Middle Late Adolescence
Adolescence
• Concrete • The concrete • Complex
thinking, but thinking, but abstract
early moral early moral thinking;
concepts concepts; identification of
• Development progression of difference
Psycholog of sexual identity sexual identity between law
ical • Possible of development and morality
Challenge sexual • The • Feeling
s preferences; awakening of himself/herself
peer interest heterosexualit a completer
y and more
separate
person
 Early Middle Late Adolescence
Adolescence Adolescence
• Start of • Start of • Form and
strong peer strong peer maintain truly
identification identification intimate
• His group • His group relationships
activities are activities are with others
primarily primarily with whose beliefs,
Social with members of ideals, and
Challenges members of his own sex. motives he can
his own sex. see and respect
as clearly as he
does his own.
• Development of
vocational
 Early Middle Late Adolescence
Adolescence Adolescence
• His behavior • This is the • He is more able
may temporarily
show a
stage when to be selective
disorganized, adolescent and
erratic quality rebellion discriminating in
along with a starts his relationships
decreased
Behavioral willingness to • Period of
Challenges accommodate irritability,
the expectations wide mood
of his parents swings, and
and others
• Wide mood rapidly
swings and changing
periodic bouts of feelings.
feeling ill-treated
 PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
( ERIK ERIKSON )
Psychosocial
Psychological ( or the root, “psycho” = mind, brain,
personality, etc. )n
Social ( external relationships and environment )
Biopsychosocial – “bio” = Life
Erikson’s theory was influenced by Sigmund Freud’s
theory
Erikson’s theory is useful for teaching, parenting, self-
awareness, managing and coaching, dealing with
conflict and generally for understanding self and
others.
If a stage is managed well, we carry a certain
virtue or psychosocial strength.
If we don’t do well, we may develop
maladaptation and malignancy.
 Malignancy – is the worst of the two.
Involves of too little of positive and too much of
negative aspects.
o Ex. A person who can’t trust others.
 Maladaptation – is not quite as bad and
involves too much of the positive and too little of
negative.
o Ex. An person that trust too much.
Period Stage Positive Characteristics Gained
and Typical Activities
Birth to Trust vs. Hope: Trust in primary caregiver and
1 yr. Mistrust in one’s own ability to make thing
happen
1-3 Autonom Will: New physical skills lead to
years y vs. demand for more choices, most often
Shame seen as saying “no” to caregivers;
and child learns self-care skills such as
Doubt toileting
3-6 Initiative Purpose: Ability to organize activities
years vs. Guilt around some goals; more
assertiveness and aggressiveness
6-12 Industr Competence: Cultural skills and
years y vs. norms, including school skills
Inferiori and tool use (failure to master
ty these lead to sense of
inferiority)

12-18 Identity Fidelity: Adaption of sense of self

years vs. Role to pubertal changes, consideration
Confusio of future choices, achievement of a
n more mature sexual identity, and
search for new values
18-30 Intimacy vs. Love: Persons develops intimate
years Isolation relationships beyond adolescent love;
many become parents

30-old Generativity Care: People rear children, focus on

age vs. occupational achievement or creativity,
Stagnation and train the next generation; turn outward
from the self towards others

Old Integrity vs. Wisdom: Person conducts a life review ,

age Despair integrate earlier stages and comes to
terms w/ basic identity; develop self-
acceptance
ENCOURAGEMENT 101: THE
COURAGE TO BE IMPERFECT
BY:TIMOTHY D. EVANS, PH D
Encouragement is the key ingredient for improving
your relationships with others. It is single most
important skill necessary for getting along with
others- so important that the lack of it could be
considered the primary cause of conflict and
misbehavior.