Magandang
Brokenshire!
Endocrine
System
“The Chemical Laboratory of the Body”
Objectives:
• Define and Identify Endocrine System’s
Glands, function and hormones. (A)
• Share insights on the role of Endocrine
System’s hormones and glands in the
normal function of the Human body. (M)
• Perform the activity on Endocrine
System. (T)
Essential Question:
How important is
Endocrine System
to the normal
function of the
Human body?
Connect the Images!!
Terms to Remember :
• System • Glands
-A group of - An organ which
Organs that work to produces and releases
perform one or more substances.
functions.
• Hormones
• Organ
-A chemical messenger
- Group of tissue that orders a group of cells do
with similar functions. some activity or stop doing an
Terms to Remember :
• Hypo • Target Cells
-Lower/Insuficient. - A specific cell
that a hormone would
attached itself into, DUE
TO SPECIFIC RESEPTOR.
• Hyper • Inhibit
- Higher/Excessive. -retrains/prevents an
action or process.
Endocrine vs. Exocrine
Heterocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands Exocrine Glands
Ductless glands Release their
Release hormones
secretions into ducts,
directly into the or tubes.
bloodstream.
Classes of Hormones
Made up of lipids which corticosteroids cortisol
1. Steroid Hormones are derived from
cholesterol. sex steroids estrogens
Short chain of (2 or more)
amino acids. Most are follicle-
2. Peptide Hormones Stimulating stimulating
synthesized as Hormones hormone
prohormones.
(FSH)
(20 or more amino
acids) Chemical
compound in the Regulating growth
3. Protein Hormones Hormones
body that regulate hormone
metabolism and
cell function.
Derived from a single amino monoamine melatonin
4. Amine Hormones hormone
acid.
Endocrine System
Functions:
1. Homeostasis
1.1 Metabolism
1.2 Growth& Development
- Chemical
1.3 Emotions and Mood
messenger system
1.4 Fertility
1.5 Sexual Functions
1.6 Sleep
1.7 Blood Pressure
Glands, Functions and
Hormones
Endocrine Glands
Hypothalamus includes :
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Thymus
Adrenal Gland
Pancreas
Gonads (Testes & Ovaries)
RECAP!
Hypothalamus
links the nervous system
and the endocrine system
controls many of the
pituitary gland functions.
keep the body in
homeostasis .
Hypothalamus
Hormones
Gonadotropin-releasing instruct pituitary glands
Hormone Sexual Function
(GnRH)
Corticotrophin-releasing Release of Steroids
Hormone Metabolism
(CRH)
Prolactin-releasing instruct pituitary glands
Hormone (PRLH) For release of Prolactin
Thyrotropin-releasing Activates the posterior
pituitary gland to release
Hormone (TRH) the TSH.
1. Hypothalamus will
notice
LOW? the changes from your
Hypothalamus blood.
releases TRH
HIGH?
Hypothalamus
stops TRH release
TRH
4. Negative feedback
elevates the T3 & T4
levels.
TSH
T3
T4
TRH – Thyrotropin-releasing
2. Release of TSH 3. Release of T3 and T4 Hormone
stimulate the triggers metabolic rate
Hormones T3 and T4. and body temperature TSH- Thyrotropin- stimulating
hormones.
Pituitary Gland
"Master Gland"
Monitors the vital physical
functions of other organs.
Anterior (adenohypophysis)
- Regulates physiological
process. (Creates and
Releases Hormones.)
Posterior (neurohypophysis)
-Stores Hormones from
Hypothalamus (Oxytocin and
Antidiuretic)
Hormones
Posterior Pituitary
Water absorption on
Antidiuretic Hormone kidney
(ADH)
Thirst
Sleep cycles
Breast milk
Body Temperature
Oxytocin Hormone Placental Development
Parent-Child Bond
Love Hormone
Sexual Response
Anterior Pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic Stimulates Adrenal Glands
Hormone (ACTH)
Growth
Growth Hormones (GH) Metabolism
Bodily composition
Stimulates Gonad’s
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
hormones
is released when
Follicle
estrogen/testosterone
Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
levels are low
Melanocyte Simulating Cells on the skin
Hormones (MSH) Production of melanin
Prolactin (PRL) Breast milk control
Thyroid-stimulating Activates the Thyroid
Hormone (TSH)
Question:
Should the Pituitary
Gland be named as
the Master Gland or
the Hypothalamus?
Pineal Gland
Controls (circadian
rhythm) Body Sleeping
Cycles.
“Third eye”
Inhibits reproductive
functions
Response to
Darkness
Melatonin
Sleeping
Clock
Pineal
Pineal gland
willgland
not
converts
convert
Retinal receptors
Aminototo
Amino
Deactivate
Activates the
theMSH.
MSH.
Melatonin
Melatonin
Suprachiasmatic
Nucleus in
Hypothalamus
carries signal.
STAY AWAKE!
MSH -Melanocyte
Simulating Hormones
Thyroid
Regulates Temperature
Generates Energy
Absorbs iodine
reduces calcium
Calcitonin levels in the blood.
Muscle Control
Brain Function
(T3) Heart & Digestive
Triiodothyronine Function
Metabolic Rate
Metabolism
Mood
(T4) Body Temperature
Thyroxine
TRH – Thyrotropin-releasing
Hormone
TSH- Thyrotropin- stimulating
hormones.
Parathyroid
Regulates the Calcium level
by increasing calcium.
Bone health
Kidneys
Parathyroid Intestine
hormone
Increases the
(PTH) calcium
LOW
concentration of
Calcium in Blood
TRH
Blood vessel
TSH
INCREASE
concentration of
Calcium in Blood
s
tim ulate
s
PTH
Vit
D
TRH – Thyrotropin-
releasing Hormone
Enhances absorption of calcium
TSH- Thyrotropin- Efflux of calcium Decrease loss of in intestine.
stimulating hormones. from bone calcium in urine
Thymus
Thymus is at its largest among
children and shrinks slowly
after puberty.
Stromal progenitor becomes
fat cells.
T-Cells production
Thymosin
Immunity
Defense Mechanism
Adrenal Glands
Adrenal Glands
Zona reticularis
• Network of endocrine cells
• Forms narrow band bordering
the adrenal medulla.
Sex hormone
Stimulate puberty
Androgens and physical
maturation.
Adrenal Glands
Zona fasciculata
• Secretion regulated by negative
feedback
• Has inhibitory effect on production of
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
in Anterior Pituitary Gland.
Accelerate glucose
synthesis and
glycogen formation
Show anti-
inflammatory effects.
Glucocorticoids
e.g. CORTISOL
Stress hormone
Memory
Formulation
Adrenal Glands
Zona glomerulosa
• Outer region of adrenal cortex
Regulates
concentrations of
minerals –
particularly sodium
and potassium.
e.g. Aldosterone
Mineralocorticoids Steroid Hormone
Sugar and water in
body
Blood Pressure
Adrenal Glands
Secretory activities controlled by
sympathetic division of
Automatic Nervous System.
Adrenal Medulla
Fight or Flight
response
MAIN
Adrenaline
Works together with
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
ACTH – Adrenocorticotropic
Hormone
1. 1.
Brain senses
Brain senses
NoDanger.
more Danger.
NO MORE DANGER
Pancreas
Largest Heterocrine gland.
1% Endocrine tissue
99% Exocrine tissue
Alpha cells
counteracts the actions of
insulin by stimulating
hepatic glucose
production and thereby
Glucagon increases blood. glucose
levels
Beta cells
glucose uptake
glycogenesis
Lipogenesis
Insulin Protein synthesis of
skeletal muscle and fat
tissue.
Pancreas .
Gonads
Heterocrine gland
Develops Sexual
Characteristics in
Puberty.
Sexual and
reproduction.
Women have
Ovaries
Men have Testes
Gonads
Male (Testes)
Regulate sex drive (libido)
Bone mass
fat distribution
Testosterone muscle mass and strength
Production of red blood cells and
sperm
Growth of Breast
Pubic Hair and Underarm
Menstrual Cycle
Mood
Estrogen Bone, heart and integumentary
health
menstrual cycle
pregnancy, and
Progesterone embryogenesis of humans and
other species.
Hypothalamic-
pituitary-gonadal Axis
key regulator of sex
development and
reproduction.
Testosterone Estrogen
Placenta
Temporary
Endocrine Gland
Synthesizes a huge
number of
hormones for
pregnancy and fetal
development.
Placental Hormones
lining of the uterus for implantation.
provides nutrition to the egg after it has been
Human chorionic fertilized.
gonadotropin Prevention of Autoimmunity.
Nauseas
(hCG)
Resistance to Insulin.
Human placental Regulation of maternal and fetal metabolism.
lactogen Growth and development of the fetus.
(hPL)
Preparation for childbirth.
Relaxes the ligaments in the pelvis.
Relaxin Softens and widens the cervix
Love Hormone
Placental Development
Oxytocin Parent-Child Bond
Sexual Response
LET’s
have a
RECAP!
1. The "Master Gland" that monitors
Pituitary Gland the vital physical
functions of other organs.
2. A Hormone thatMelatonin
controls the sleeping cycles.
3. The Gland that acts as the body sensor.
Hypothalamus
1.Hypothalamus 6. Thymus
2. Pituitary Gland 7. Adrenal
Glands
3. Pineal Gland
4. Enumerate the Glands of the Endocrine8. Pancreas
System.
4. Thyroid 9. Gonads
(Ovaries & Testes)
5. Parathyroid
5. The Adrenaline
Fight or Flight
is responsible
response.for _______.
Function
6. What makes and Location system
the endocrine of Glands
unique?
Diseas
es
Endocrine System
Disorders
1. Pituitary Gland
Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone = Dwarfism
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone = Gigantism and Acromegaly .
Hyposecretion of ADH = Diabetes insipidus
Difference?
2. Pancreas
Hyposecretion of Insulin = Diabetes mellitus
Endocrine System
Disorders
3. Adrenal Gland
Hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids = Cushing’s Disease
Hypersecretion of Glucocorticoids = Addison’s Disease .
4. Thyroid Gland
Hypothyroidism= Cretinism (early development) Myxedema ( adult)
Hyposecretion of iodine= Goiter
Hyperthyroidism = Grave’s Disease .
Diabetes insipidus .Diabetes mellitus
Acromegaly Gigantism Dwarfism
Dwarfism
Cushing’s disease
Addison’s disease
.
Myxedema
Goiter
Grave’s Disease
Hypogonad
ism
Male hypogonadism Female hypogonadism
Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
QUESTIONS?
Essential Question:
How important is
Endocrine System
to the normal
function of the
Human body?
THANK YOU!
