Building a VoIP Network
Part 1
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Cisco UC Solution Components
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Cisco Unified Communications Manager Architecture Overview ( CUCM)
isco Unified Communications (UC) is an IP-based
communications system integrating voice, video,
data, and mobility products and applications.
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Infrastructure layer:
• The infrastructure consists of
routers, switches, and voice
gateways.
• The infrastructure layer carries data,
voice, and video between all network
devices and applications.
• This layer also provides high
availability, management, quality of
service (QoS), and network security.
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Call control layer :
• The call control layer provides for call processing, device
control, and administration of the dial plan and features.
Call control can be provided by a CUCM, CUCM Express,
or CUCM Business Edition (CMBE).
• This book focuses on the CUCME product,. Call processing
is physically independent from the infrastructure layer.
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Applications layer:
• Applications are independent from call-control functions and the
physical voice-processing infrastructure. Applications, including
those listed here, are integrated through IP, which allows the
applications to reside anywhere within the network:—Voice mail,
integrated messaging, and unified messaging applications are
provided through Cisco Unity, Cisco Unity Express, or Cisco Unity
Connections products.
• —Contact centers of various sizes can be built with Cisco Unified
Contact Center and Cisco Unified Contact Center Express.
• —Cisco Unified Meeting Place and Meeting Place Express are
medium- to large-scale conferencing servers that support video
integration.
• The Meeting Place product integrates lecture-style conferences
with scalable collaboration and control tools. Cisco Unified
Meeting Place Express is positioned to the small to medium-sized
enterprises. Meeting Place Express is the successor of the Cisco
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Endpoint layer:
• The endpoints layer brings
applications to the user, whether the
end device is a Cisco IP Phone, a PC
using a software-based phone, or a
communications client or video
terminal.
• Cisco UC provides multiprotocol
support for Skinny Client Control
Protocol (SCCP), H.323, MGCP, and
SIP.
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Cisco UC Network
The Cisco UC system delivers
fully integrated communications,
converging voice, video, and data
over a single network
infrastructure using standards-
based protocols. The Cisco UC
system delivers unparalleled
performance and capabilities to
address current and emerging
communications needs in the
enterprise environment
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Cisco Networking Academy
VoIP Network © 2014 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Phones
• Cisco IP Communicator (also known as CIPC) is a soft
phone that runs on Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, and 7,
and it will work inside a virtual machine. Does not
require extra power.
• 7900 IP Phone series (any phone in this series will work,
unless you are running an older version of CME).
Recommended model to match the labs is the 7962.
(However, older versions of the 7900 Series, such as the
7940 and 7960, can be purchased on the
refurbished/secondary markets quite cheaply.)
• 8900 or 9900 IP Phone series (any phone in these series
will work, but it will require the newer versions of CME
found in IOS 15 or later, and may require SIP
registration, which is not covered in the labs).
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Phone Model
• Firmware
• Buttons
• Codecs
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Power
• The 7900, 8800, and 9900 series phones will require power. Four
sources:
• Power brick for each phone (Note: power bricks for Cisco Access Points
will also work with most phones)
• Power injector for each phone (Note: power injectors for Cisco Access
Points will also work with most phones)
• Power over Ethernet (PoE) switch – common models are:
– WS-C3560-24PS-S
– WS-C2960-24LT-L
• PoE switch card for router
(like requires power supply upgrade for router)
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PSE
PD Power Sourcing Device
Powered Device
POE
Power Adapter
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Understanding the Cisco IP Phone Boot Process
• 1. The Cisco IP Phone connects to an Ethernet switchport. If the IP phone and switch
• 2. As the Cisco IP Phone powers on, the Cisco switch delivers voice VLAN information
• 3. The Cisco IP Phone sends a DHCP request asking for an IP address on its voice VLAN.
• 4. The DHCP server responds with an IP address offer. When the Cisco IP Phone accepts
• 5. After the Cisco IP Phone has the IP address of the TFTP server, it contacts the TFTP
• 6. The Cisco IP Phone attempts to contact the first call processing server (the primary
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• Why do we need Voice VLAN?
• Access port or trunk port?
• Tagged or not tagged?
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• Performance (Broadcast domain)
• Manageability (apply policy, QoS, logical group, addressing)
• Independent of Physical Topology (connect phone to any vlan access port)
• Security (boundary between data and voice packet)
Access vlan 10 Access vlan 20 Access vlan 10
Voice vlan 20 (voice) (data)
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CDP
Native VLAN 10
Voice VLAN 20
PoE Power
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• SW(config-if)# switchport mod access
• SW(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10
• SW(config-if)# switchport voice vlan 20
PCP (Priority or CoS)
Special 802.1Q trunk
through CDP
D 20 V D
PC SW Fa0/1
Data vlan 10
Voice vlan 20
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SW#sh int switchport SW#sh int switchport
Name: Fa0/1 Name: Fa0/6
Switchport: Enabled Switchport: Enabled
Administrative Mode: static access Administrative Mode: dynamic auto
Operational Mode: static access Operational Mode: down
Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q
Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native
Negotiation of Trunking: Off Negotiation of Trunking: On
Access Mode VLAN: 10 (data) Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default)
Voice VLAN: 20 Voice VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan host-association: none Administrative private-vlan host-association: none
Administrative private-vlan mapping: none Administrative private-vlan mapping: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none Administrative private-vlan trunk native VLAN: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q Administrative private-vlan trunk encapsulation: dot1q
Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none Administrative private-vlan trunk normal VLANs: none
Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none Administrative private-vlan trunk private VLANs: none
Operational private-vlan: none Operational private-vlan: none
Trunking VLANs Enabled: All Trunking VLANs Enabled: All
Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001
Capture Mode Disabled Capture Mode Disabled
Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL Capture VLANs Allowed: ALL
Protected: false Protected: false
Unknown unicast blocked: disabled Unknown unicast blocked: disabled
Unknown multicast blocked: disabled Unknown multicast blocked: disabled
Appliance trust: none
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Configuring a Router-Based DHCP Server
WAN_RTR#configure terminal
WAN_RTR(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.9
WAN_RTR(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.2.1 172.16.2.9
WAN_RTR(config)#ip dhcp pool DATA_SCOPE
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.2.1
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#dns-server 4.2.2.2
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#exit
WAN_RTR(config)#ip dhcp pool VOICE_SCOPE
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.1.1
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#option 150 ip 172.16.1.1
WAN_RTR(dhcp-config)#dns-server 4.2.2.2
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CME Configuration
!CME
telephone service //default not enabled
max-ephone 10 //default 0
max-dn 10 //default 0
ip source 10.0.0.1 port 2000 //default 0.0.0.0 port 2000
auto range 1 to 10 //default no range, registered but no number
enable-auto-reg //default enable
ip dhcp pool PHONE
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0
option 150 ip 10.0.0.1 //150 is TFTP Server
ephone-dn 1 //create virtual line
number 101 //define phone number
Interface fa0/0
ip add 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
!SW
Int fa0/1
switchport voice vlan 1 //set vlan 1 as voice vlan (PT required)
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• Enable Telephony-service
2811
CME • Create Phone Number
• Enable DHCP Server
3560
PoE
• Voice VLAN
• Enable DHCP Client
7960 PC ephone (phone)
HW Phone IP Communicator
)
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Calling from ephone1 to ephone2
Router#show ephone
ephone-1 Mac:0001.426D.3996 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12
and Server in ver 8
mediaActive:0 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8
IP:10.0.0.3 1254 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2
button 1: dn 3 number 303 CH1 ALERTING
Active Call on DN 3chan 1 :303 0.0.0.0 0 to 0.0.0.0 2000 via 10.0.0.3
G711Ulaw64k 160 bytes no vad
Tx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0
Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1
ephone-2 Mac:0030.A3E4.BE65 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:0 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12
and Server in ver 8
mediaActive:0 offhook:0 ringing:0 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8
IP:10.0.0.2 1057 CIPC keepalive 43 max_line 2
button 1: dn 1 number 101 CH1 IDLE
Router#show ephone
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Calling from ephone1 to ephone2 (answered)
Router#show ephone
ephone-1 Mac:0001.426D.3996 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server
in ver 8
mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8
IP:10.0.0.3 1254 7960 keepalive 43 max_line 2
button 1: dn 3 number 303 CH1 CONNECTED
Active Call on DN 3chan 1 :303 10.0.0.3 1254 to 10.0.0.1 2000 via 10.0.0.3
G729 20 bytes no vad
Tx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0
Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)
ephone-2 Mac:0030.A3E4.BE65 TCP socket:[1] activeLine:1 REGISTERED in SCCP ver 12 and Server
in ver 8
mediaActive:1 offhook:1 ringing:1 reset:0 reset_sent:0 paging 0 debug:0 caps:8
IP:10.0.0.2 1057 CIPC keepalive 43 max_line 2
button 1: dn 1 number 101 CH1 CONNECTED
Active Call on DN 1chan 1 :101 10.0.0.2 1057 to 10.0.0.1 2000 via 10.0.0.2
G729 20 bytes no vad
Tx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Rx Pkts 0 bytes 0 Lost 0
Jitter 0 Latency 0 callingDn -1 calledDn -1 (media path callID 17 srcCallID 18)
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Router#show running-config
ephone 1
device-security-mode none
mac-address 0001.426D.3996 //phone mac address
type 7960 //phone model, HW Cisco 7960
button 1:3 //phone number and dn
!
ephone 2
device-security-mode none
mac-address 0030.A3E4.BE65 //PC Mac address
type CIPC //phone model, SW IP Communicator
button 1:1
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Conditions:
CME is DHCP server for the phones
L2 switch can not provide PoE, only L3 switch
IP-phone:
external power Softphone:
phone must be DHCP cliënt must be DHCP cliënt
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config CME (2811)
Step 1 enable DHCP server on
2811
ip dhcp pool voip
network 10.0.0.0
255.0.0.0
default-router 10.0.0.1
option 150 ip 10.0.0.1
Step 3 enable telephony-service
telephony-service
max-ephones 5
max-dn 5
ip source-address 10.0.0.1
port 2000
Step 4 enable ephone’s
ephone-dn 1
number 100
!
ephone 1
device-security-mode none
# input
mac-address 0001.C750.14C3
type 7960 / ata / CIPC # depends on the
phone
button 1:1
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Call Manager (Express)
Register telephone at the CME
Cisco
IP Telephones Communicator
Softphone
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In CME HQ
•Dial-peer voice 1 voip
•Destination-pattern 2.. # tel-nr beginning with 2 en has 3 numbers
•Session target ipv4:10.10.0.1 # redirect to the other CME
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In CME HQ
•Dial-peer voice 1 voip
•Destination-pattern 2.. # tel-nr beginning with 2 en has 3 numbers
•Session target ipv4:10.10.0.1 # redirect to the other CME
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Router1(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip
Router1(config-dial-peer)#description connect to CCME-2
Router1(config-dial-peer)# destination-pattern 5...
Router1(config-dial-peer)# session target ipv4:192.168.20.1
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