Two Bridges
Travel and
Tourism
Unit 2.5 +
2.6
In this lesson you
will learn how to
• understand factors affecting tourism development and
management
• evaluate the economic, environmental and sociocultural
impacts of travel and tourism
• discuss sustainable practices in destinations.
2.5 Managing destinations
sustainably
Destinations are managed sustainably in order to:
• protect the natural and built environment of
destinations
• combat climate change through encouraging
and enabling responsible tourism
• empower local and indigenous communities
support social enterprise development.
• lets look at the New Zealand 100% Case Study
Protect the natural and built
environment of destinations
The sustainable management of destinations aims to protect the
natural and built environment of destinations by:
• maintaining the biodiversity of destinations such as New Zealand's Bay of
Plenty
• preserving, conserving and regenerating the natural and built environment
(see Figure 2.13)
• controlling visitor numbers and managing visitor behaviour to limit tourism's
negative impacts
• sustainably using and reusing resources such as water and limiting air, water
and land pollution, for example, in the Okavango Delta, Botswana (see 2.6).
figure 2.13
Combat climate change through encouraging
and enabling responsible tourism
As shown in the New Zealand 100% case study,
destinations are sustainably managed to combat climate
change by:
• organising education programmes for local people and visitors
so that responsible tourism behaviour reduces pollution
• having recycling and reuse schemes, for example, for plastic
water bottles
• reducing over-consumption and waste, for example, of food,
energy and water in hotels.
Empower local and indigenous
communities
The sustainable management of destinations empowers
local and indigenous communities, such as Maori people
in New Zealand's Bay of Plenty, by:
• letting the people whwomlive there protect their traditions
• involving local communities in managing tourism in their
own community
• training travel and tourism staff in sustainable tourism
behaviours to limit pollution and educating tourists about
responsible tourism behaviours.
Support social enterprise
development
Managing destinations such as New Zealand's Bay of Plenty sustainably
supports social enterprise development through:
• supporting local economies, local wealth creation and sustainable
infrastructural development, for example, by developing pollution-
free destination transport systems and developing tourism facilities
sustainably
• community tourism, where local and indigenous communities
invite tourists to visit and stay in local people's homes
• creating jobs for local people to increase the economic and social
sustainability of destinations.
2.6 Economic, environmental and
sociocultural impacts of travel and
tourism
Travel and tourism impacts are the effects that it has on
places and people.
Some effects are good (positive impacts) and some are
bad (negative impacts). The impacts of travel and
tourism are:
economic - affecting money and jobs
environmental - affecting the environment sociocultural
- affecting people and their way of life.
Positive economic impacts
• The economic impacts of travel and tourism are the effects has on
money and jobs.
• can benefit locals eg tourism brings jobs and money
• Tourists spend money in attractions, cafes, restaurants etc. which
makes more jobs which is a positive economic impact on the
local,hos community
• when money is spent there is a profit made for the t&t industry
and they can invest the profits.
• by investing - the industry can grow
• Lets look at figure 2.15 The multiplier effect.
The multiplier effect
Bod
y
The multiplier effect
• Money from the industry is MULTIPLIED and helps create wealth.
• All destnations in the country benefit from this impact.
• The total money a country makes is the countrys GDP
• ,Money from T+_T IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF GDPin countries
Bod
y
like Jamaica and Mauritius.
• Profitable organisations pay taxes to the gov and the gov uses that
to develop infrastructure.
Negative economic
impacts
inflation
economic leakage
import leakage
export leakage
opportunity costs
over-dependence
i want each of you to pick 2 and explain to
the class what this means
Positive environmental
impacts
• The Delta tourism case study is about the environmental impacts
on T+t
• include investment in the environment the money for investment
comes from profits of the industry.
• investments in the environment is used for:
• the conservation and regeneration of natural and built assets
• assets include: wildlife, natural landscape, beaches etc.
• historic buildings, monuments etc
Negative
environmental impacts
• Tourism facilities, including hotels, produce waste, and the
disposal of waste uses pollution. Tourism facilities such as
hotels use resources like food, energy and water.
• Overtourism can cause a depletion or shortage of resources
such as water. Litter is a negative impact of overtourism,
spoiling the appeal of destinations and causing harm to flora
and fauna. Wildlife may be disturbed by tourism as natural
habitats can be damaged or lost from destinations where
natural attraction visitor numbers are too high.
Negative environmental impacts
Positive sociocultural
impacts
• The sociocultural impacts of travel and tourism are the effects that
it has on people and their way of life. The towers of Kaiping
case study shows both positive and negative impacts of
travel and tourism.
• the impacts include: Tourism can preserve the
traditional arts and crafts of destinations. Money can be
invested to provide community facilities.
• tourists and locals are educated about monuments
• there is an increased cultural understanding
Negative sociocultural impacts
changes in traditional way of life of locals such as family
structure, loss of traditional jobs, social change
loss of national identities
the demonstration effect, which occurs when local people in
Bod
a destination copy the dress and behaviour of visiting
y
tourists, causing national identity loss when the dress and
behaviour of inbound tourists is copies
increase of criminal activites
culture clashes
commodification ( tell me the definition)
