CASE STUDIES OF DISASTER IN

INDIA
BY:UMER KHAN
ROLL NO:9038
CLASS : SYBMS
SUBJECT: FOUNDATION COURSE
 CONTENT
 Introduction
 Meaning
 Types of Disaster
 Disaster Management
 Micro-economics aspect
 Causes of Disaster
 Five Major Case studies of Disaster in India
 Prevention of Disaster
 Conclusion
Introduction
 A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental
losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources. Disasters can be caused by
naturally occurring events, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding, or
tornadoes, or they can be due to man-made events, either accidental (such
as an accidental toxic spill or nuclear power plant event), or deliberately
caused (such as various terrorist bombings and poisonings).
What Does Disaster Mean?

 The word “disaster” means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave

occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade causes, or by
accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human
suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or
degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be
beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area. In other
words we can understand disaster as a natural or man-made hazard
resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical
damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. It
is a phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the
economic, social and cultural life of people.
i) Natural disaster

 A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects humans

and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack of appropriate
emergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human
impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to
support or resist the disaster: their resilience.
 Various phenomena like landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods

and cyclones are all natural hazards that kill thousands of people and
destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year.
ii.) Man Made disasters
 Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. The examples of manmade disasters include
stampedes, fires, transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil
spills and nuclear explosions/radiation. War and deliberate
attacks may also be put in this category.
 According to the world bank disaster management report
developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster
hits any such developing country. More than 95% of all deaths
caused by disasters occur in developing countries, and losses
due to natural disasters are 20 times greater (as a percentage
of GDP) in developing countries than in developed countries.
What Is Disaster Management?
“Disaster management” means a continuous and integrated process of planning,
organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or
expedient for-
i. prevention of danger or threat of any disaster;
ii. mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity or consequences;
iii. capacity-building;
iv. preparedness to deal with any disaster;
v. prompt response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster;
vi. assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster;
vii. evacuation, rescue and relief;
viii. Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Disaster, Disaster Management And India

 Natural disasters in India cause massive loss to life and property. Flash floods, cyclones,
avalanches, droughts, landslides brought on by torrential rains, and snowstorms pose the
greatest threats. Other dangers include frequent summer dust storms, which usually track
from north to south; they cause extensive property damage in North India and deposit large
amounts of dust from arid regions. Hail is also common in parts of India, causing severe
damage to standing crops such as rice and wheat. But floods are the most common natural
disaster in India.
 The heavy southwest monsoon rains cause the Brahmaputra and other rivers to distend their
banks, often flooding surrounding areas. Though they provide rice paddy farmers with a
largely dependable source of natural irrigation and fertilization, but the floods can kill
thousands and displace millions. Almost all of India is flood-prone, and extreme
precipitation events, such as flash floods and torrential rains, have become increasingly
common in central India over the past several decades, coinciding with rising temperatures.
Microeconomics Aspect
 Natural disasters are the one which can disrupt both the local
economy as well as the national economy. Calculation of the
damages of such an event can be a difficult task because the
cost of a natural disaster is ultimately wedded to several factors,
and varies by type of disaster. The key factors are the magnitude
and duration of the event, the structure of the local economy, the
affected geographical area, time and population base. Naturally,
disasters that affect densely populated areas have the greatest
potential for inflicting the most damage because not only are
large numbers of people endangered, but the potential loss to
homes, roads, bridges, businesses, highways and utilities is also
magnified.
Types of disasters include:

 Tornadoes and Severe Storms.

 Hurricanes and Tropical Storms.
 Floods.
 Wildfires.
 Earthquakes.
 Drought.
What Causes Natural Disasters?

 Natural phenomenon.
 Moon activities.
 Tectonic movement.
 Soil erosion.
 Deforestation.
 Ocean currents.
 Air pressure.
 Seismic waves.
 Pollution
 Global warming
 Mining
5 major natural disasters in the history of
India

 India has witnessed many natural disasters be it in form of Odisha Super Cyclone (1999) or
Gujarat Earthquake (2001) or even the Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004). In the article below, we
have compiled the list of 5 most horrible natural calamities in the history of India. A natural
disaster is a natural event that causes great damage to the property or loss of human life.
Natural disasters have had their sad history in India as well as other places around the world.
Now with the extended climate change and rising temperatures, the Earth is more prone to
them occurring. As it is we have seen many disasters in the previous year. In the article
below, take a look at the top deadly natural disasters in the history of India.
 Examples of Natural Disaster: Volcano, flood, Tsunami, and Earthquakes, or hurricane or
cyclone etc.
1. Kashmir Floods disaster, 2014
 Year: 2014
 Affected Areas: Rajouri, Srinagar, Bandipur etc.
 Number of deaths: 550+
 Cause: Continuous rainfall and swelling of Jhelum River
 This flood caused a huge loss to the lives of the Kashmir region in

September 2014. The water of the Jhelum river swelled due to continuous
torrential rainfall.
 That is why water entered into the residential areas of the Kashmir region.

Indian army helped a lot to the stranded residents of this region. Around
550 people lost their lives and damage of properties was estimated
between Rs. 5000 cr and 6000 cr.
2. Uttarakhand Flash Floods, 2013
 Year: 2013
 Affected Areas: It affected 12 out of 13 districts of the state. Four districts

were worst affected namely; Rudraprayag, Uttarkashi, Pithoragarh, and

Chamoli.
 Number of deaths: 5,700 plus
 Cause: Heavy rainfall, massive Landslides
 Uttarakhand Flash Flood is among the most disastrous floods in the

history of India. Uttarakhand received heavy rainfall, massive Landslides

in June 2013.
 The flash floods and landslides continued from 14 to 17 June. Around 1

lac pilgrims were trapped in the Kedarnath shrine.

3. The Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004
 Year: 2004
 Affected Areas: Southern India and Andaman Nicobar Islands,
Lakshadweep island, Indonesia, Sri Lanka etc.
 Number of deaths: 2.30 lac
 Cause: Tsunami
 This deadly Tsunami started on the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Overall it affected around 12 countries and killed more than 2.3 lakh
people.
 The magnitude of this tsunami was between 9.1 and 9.3 and it
continued around 10 minutes. As per research it was the third-largest
earthquake in the world ever recorded.
4. Gujarat Earthquake,2001
 Year: 2001
 Affected Areas: Kutch, Ahmedabad, Bhuj, Gandhinagar, Surat,

Surendranagar, Rajkot, Jamnagar etc.

 The number of deaths: Around 20,000, injured 167,000 and nearly

400,000 became homeless.

Cause: Earthquake
 This was the day of India’s 51st Republic Day celebration on January 26,

2001. Suddenly, Bhachau Taluka of Kutch (Gujarat) experienced an

earthquake of 7.6 to 7.9 on the Richter Scale and lasted for 120 seconds.
 This disaster killed around 20,000, injured 167,000 and nearly 400,000

people became homeless.

5. Super Cyclone, Odisha 1999
 Year: 1999
 Affected Areas: The coastal districts of Kendrapara, Bhadrak, Balasore,

Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Ganjam and Puri etc.

 Number of deaths: Around 15,000+

Cause: Cyclone
 Super Cyclone of 1999 was the most dangerous tropical cyclone in the

North Indian Ocean. Its speed was 260 km/h. It affected not only India but
also Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Thailand.
 As per the estimation around 15000 people died, around 1.67 million

people became homeless, and more than 2.75 lac houses were destroyed.
What is prevention of disaster?
 Disaster prevention is the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of
hazards and related disasters prevention (i.e. disaster prevention)
expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential
adverse impacts through action taken in advance.
CONCLUSION
 And in all these disasters there has been loss of crores and crores of Indian money. These incidents and
disasters are sufficient to tell that what union and states are doing when it come to disaster management.
Our union and states are complete failure in ensuring the safety or prevention from disaster.
 Because of the failure in properly implementing the disaster management act, we are facing a heavy loss
of capital and human life over the years.
 If we see the recent floods in uttarakhand then also we are able to see that because of lack of proper
management and preventive methods we lost around 10,000 lives and a huge chunk of money invested
as in capital form or in infrastructure, which tells that we are complete failure on the economic front of
natural disaster also.
 There is a huge lack of co ordination and the disaster management act, 2005 is only a paper law in India.
There is a lack of seriousness towards the disaster management which results in the heavy economic
losses.
 We cannot stop natural disasters but yes we can prevent them and we can take appropriate measures for
lowering the losses and saving the lives of hundreds.