Culture and

Society
 SOCIETY
•It is a group of people interacting with
each other and having a common culture;
sharing common geographical or
territorial domain, and having relatively
Background Goals

common aspirations
 TYPES OF SOCIETIES

A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
B. INDUSTRIAL
C.Background
POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES Goals
D. MODERN SOCIETIES
 A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
During the pre-industrial society, the main economic
activity is food production carried out through the
utilization of human and animal labor. Particularly, these
societies are subdivided according to their level of
technology and their method of producingGoals
Background food. These are
hunting and gathering societies, pastoral societies,
horticultural societies, agricultural societies, and feudal
societies
 A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
1. Hunting and gathering society
In these societies main method of food production is collection
of wild plants and the hunting of wild animals on a daily basis.
Human gather and hunt around for foods as nomads.

Background
2. Pastoral society Goals
The prevailing method food production during this period is
through pastoralism, more efficient than the subsistence
method.
 A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL
3. Horticultural society
These societies have learned how to raise fruits and vegetables
grown in the garden plots that have provided them their main
source of food.
Background Goals
4. Agrarian Society
Societies which applied agricultural technological advances to
cultivate crops over a large area.
 A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL

5. Feudal Society
As an offshoot of increased food chain, several groups become
wealthy and able to acquire lands and able to acquire lands
and declared these as their own domain. It is based
Background on
Goals
ownership of land.
 B. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
An economic system emerged between the 15th and 16th
centuries began to replace feudalism. This is capitalism, the
predominant economic system of industrial societies.
Capitalism, characterized by free competition, free market
and the right to acquire private property, emerged.
Background Goals The
introduction of foreign metals, silk, and spices in the market
stimulated greater commercial activity in European
societies.
 C. POST-INDUSTRIAL

More advanced societies, called post-industrial societies,

dominated by information, services, and high technology,
surfaced. These hallmarks of these societies were beyond
theBackground
production of goods. Advanced industrial societies
Goals
are shifting toward an increase in service sectors over
manufacturing and production.
 D. MODERN SOCIETIES
Our highly industrialized modern society is characterized
by mass production of all essential products such that
the subsistence level of food production is now a thing
of the past. Products are sold in markets in large
Background
quantities. People nowadays typically do notGoals
need to
subsist on their own and instead buy items they cannot
personally produce to live.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
• Society consists of groups of people who share some
likeness such as being rational, free and bodily.
• Society does not only consist of groups of people who
share a likeness with everyone but also need to exhibit
Background Goals
some differences.
• The self is not the other, and the other is not the other
is not the self or me.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
• The self is not the other, and the other is not the other
is not the self or me. The differences would also be
beneficial and necessary to society as different
individuals can perform acts or tasks that the self may
Background Goals
not be capable.
• Different people are endowed with different gifts or
talents distinct from others.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
• The self is not the other, and the other is not the other is
not the self or me. The differences would also be beneficial
and necessary to society as different individuals can
perform acts or tasks that the self may not be capable.
Background Goals
• Different people are endowed with different gifts or talents
distinct from others. Individual differences are not
accidental but natural in the person of every individual.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY
• These differences among individuals would consequently
lead to interdependence which is the following
characteristics of society as the case maybe. This inter-
independence is a vital cog in the survival and sustenance
of society's existence. As we are naturally limited, we need
others to fulfill some of our inadequacies. Goals
Background
• Humans do not live alone, isolated from each other.
Instead, individuals tend to live in communities with other
people to help one another.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY

• Society is its nature of being dynamic and changeable. No

society is static. Every society changes along in time and
place. The change both from within and without manifests
Background Goals
in society.
 CULTURE
• Culture is "that complex whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and
any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society," (Edward B. Tylor) The Cambridge
English Dictionary
Background
states that culture is "the way
Goals
of
life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a
particular group of people at a particular time."
 CULTURE

• Culture refers to all that man has made for

himself through time, material or non-material
still useful or not anymore, all to provide benefits
Background Goals
for his society.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

A. CULTURE IS LEARNED
B. CULTURE IS TRANSMITTED
C. CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE
Background Goals
 A. CULTURE IS LEARNED

The different habits, skills, values and knowledge

are acquired or learned in the course of a
person's life. This is what we call enculturation,
theBackground
acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes,
Goals
and values that enable men to become active
members of their communities .
 B. CULTURE IS TRANSMITTED

Culture within a social group is transmitted to

succeeding generations through imitation,
instruction and example, in the form of attitudes,
Background Goals
values, beliefs and behavioral scripts are passed
onto and taught to individuals and groups.
 C. CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE
All culture is changes. Changes in the environment are
cauture by inventions and discoveries. Man is sapable of
adjusting to his environment. Adaption is the process of
change in response to a new environment. its one
component of acculturation, which relates toGoals
Background the change in
a group's culture or the change in individual psychology in
response to a new environment.
 MAIN TYPES OF CULTURE

A. MATERIAL CULTURE
B. NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
Background Goals
 MATERIAL CULTURE

Material culture deals with the physical culture

including contemporary technology, artifacts relics,
fossils, and other tangible remains of cultural
development,
Background past and present. Material culture
Goals
refers to the tangible and concrete objects produced
by main in the process of social development.
 NON-MATERIAL CULTURE

Non-material culture deals with the intangibles

including values, norms, beliefs, traditions, and
customs that collectively hold a society and
Background Goals
shape individuals are they interact within
society.
 ELEMENTS OF NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
A. BELIEFS
B. VALUES
C. NORMS
D. FOLKWAYS
Background Goals

E. IDEAS
F. KNOWLEDGE
 BELIEFS
• Beliefs are man's perception about the reality of things
and are shared ideas about how the world his
environment operates.
• They are reflective of highly valued feelings about the
Background Goals
world in which they live.
• Beliefs are influenced by emotions, attitudes, values
ideology and religion.
 VALUES
• Refer to the broad preferences of person on
the appropriate course of action or decisions
he has to take.
• Values are a reflection of a person's sense of
Background
right and wrong. Goals
• A person's values sociologically influence his
attitudes and behavior.
 NORMS

• Norms are society's standard of morality,

conduct, propriety, ethics and legality.

•Background
Norms vary according to age, gender, religion,
Goals
politics, economics ethnicity or race of the
group.
 FOLKWAYS

• Folkways are society's standard of morality,

conduct, propriety, ethics and legality.
• Norms vary according to age, gender,
religion, politics, economics ethnicity or
Background Goals

race of the group.

 IDEAS

• Ideas comprise man's concepts of

his physical, social and cultural
world as manifested in people'sGoals
Background
beliefs and values.
 KNOWLEDGE

• Can be natural, supernatural, magical or

technical.
• These are the body of facts and beliefs that
Background Goals
people accumulate over time.
 CHANGES IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY
Customs, traditions, folkways, mores, values and institutions
go through some changes as well where new customs and
values take place. The present generation, for instance, shows
many changes inside out. The different gadgets like cellphone
of various labels, a variety of iPods, tablets, the proliferation
Background Goals
of shopping malls around the country, notwithstanding the
moral permissiveness you observe in the behaviors and
lifestyles of the people especially the youth, largely define the
present society here and elsewhere.
 CHANGES IN CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Society cannot exist without its population. The

people who constitute society constitute society
constantly engage in a social relationship that
brings them together in group endeavors or
Background Goals
activities they do in every day of their lives. Social
relationship is inevitable in society.
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Sentence Completion. After listening, have a self-reflection on the topics
you’ve learned and complete the sentence below. G
The topic that I like the most:

What I value the most is:

Background
 Additional Activities( Performance Task)

SITUATION. Different people are endowed with different gifts or G

talents distinct from others. Some are good at carpentry, others
good at farming or in teaching, to name some few professions or
strengths. Imagine if everyone is a fisherman, who would provide
us with crops or who build our houses or who would sew our
clothes?
Background
Individual differences are not accidental but natural in everyone
of us. What is your gift or talent that you can share to others and
can help our society especially during this time of pandemic.
THANK YOU