RAD 485
Radiotherapy Techniques
Bone Cancer
Bone classification
Macroscopi
c structure
of bone
Cellular Structure of Bone
Bone cancer
• Malignant (osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma,
Chondrosarcoma)
Primary • Benign ( osteochondroma, giant cell tumour,
osteoblastoma)
Secondary • From (breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and thyroid)
cancers.
(metastasis)
Types of Malignant Bone Cancer
Malignant Bone Cancer
• Osteosarcoma:
• The most common type of bone cancer most often occurs in young people between the ages of 10
and 30.
• Osteosarcoma develops in Osteoblasts.
• It can start in any bone, but it usually begins at the ends of large bones such as the arms and legs.
• Ewing sarcoma:
• The second most common type of primary bone cancer in children, teens, and young adults.
• These tumors can form in the bones and in surrounding soft tissues.
• most commonly grows in the hips, ribs, and shoulder blades, or on long bones such as the legs.
• Chondrosarcoma:
• Begins in cartilage.
• This cancer typically forms in the arm, leg, or pelvis bones.
• Unlike osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma occurs more frequently in adults than
in younger people
Benign bone Tumors
• Osteochondroma
• Are cartilaginous tumors representing most of the benign bone tumors (approx. 30%).
• Most commonly found in the femur and tibia,
• occur mainly in the metaphysis and diametaphysis and projects out of the underlying bone
• Giant cell tumor
• 20% of all benign bone tumors are giant cell tumors (GCT),
• Mostly appear between the ages of 20 and 40
• most occur in the long bones, predominantly in the area of the knee (50–65%)
• Osteoblastoma
• Osteoblastoma is a benign bone tumor accounting for 14% of bone tumors
• Although any bone can be involved, osteoblastoma arises predominantly in the axial
skeleton with spinal lesions
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Epidemiology
• Osteosarcoma most common in children
• Chondrosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour in adults
• Most chondrosarcomas are diagnosed in older adults, with a mean
age of approximately 60 years.
• The overall incidence rate among men and women has been reported
to be fairly equal.
Risk factors
• Genetic disorder
• Paget disease
• Radiation
• Injuries
• Bone marrow transplantation
Signs and symptoms
• Bone pain
• Swelling near affected area
• Pathological fracture
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
Diagnosis
• Imaging :
• X-ray
• CT scan
• NM/PET scan (bone scan)
• MRI
• Bone biopsy
CT-guided Bone biopsy
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma
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Chondrosarcoma
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Osteochondroma
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Giant cell tumour
Osteoblastoma
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Treatment Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
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Surgery
Resection
Conserving surgery
Amputation
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