Pemeriksaan TTV
(Tanda-Tanda Vital)
Definisi
• Tanda-tanda vital adalah pengukuran fungsi dasar tubuh yang paling mendasar dan
merupakan bagian penting dari setiap pemeriksaan atau evaluasi medis
• Vital signs are an objective measurement of the essential physiological functions of a
living organism.
• They have the name "vital" as their measurement and assessment is the critical first
step for any clinical evaluation.
• The first set of clinical examinations is an evaluation of the vital signs of the patient.
• Menunjukkan kondisi kesehatan yang mendasari atau menunjukkan kemajuan
pasien menuju pemulihan.
• Tenaga kesehatan secara rutin memantau tanda-tanda vital untuk menetapkan
fungsi normal pasien dan mengidentifikasi tren negatif.
4 Pemeriksaan Tanda Vital
1. Suhu tubuh: Suhu rata-rata harian.
2. Denyut nadi: Jumlah denyut jantung per menit.
3. Frekuensi napas: Jumlah napas per menit.
4. Tekanan darah: Tekanan darah terhadap dinding
arteri saat darah beredar di dalam tubuh.
Pemeriksaan Suhu
• The human body temperature typically ranges from 36.5 to 37.5
degrees centigrade (97.7 to 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Health care providers use the axillary, rectal, oral, and tympanic
membranes most commonly to record body temperature, and the
devices most commonly used are the electronic and infrared
thermometers.
Pemeriksaan Suhu
• Oral: Place the thermometer under the tongue, close the mouth, and
breathe through the nose. Hold the thermometer in place for 3 minutes or
until it beeps.
• Rectal: This method is often used for infants and small children. Apply
petroleum jelly to the thermometer bulb, place the child face down, and
insert the bulb about 1/2 to 1 inch into the anal canal. Wait 3 minutes or
until the thermometer beeps.
• Axila: Place the thermometer in the axila, making sure it touches the skin
and not clothing. Press the arm against the body and wait 5 minutes or until
the thermometer beeps.
• Tympanic: Insert the thermometer into the ear canal.
• Temporal artery: Use a thermometer to scan the surface of the forehead.
Pemeriksaan Denyut Nadi
•Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or if the regular
rhythm for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to
calculate beats per minute ).
In the upper extremity
• radial pulse,
• ulnar pulse,
• brachial pulse,
In the lower extremity.
• the posterior tibialis
• the dorsalis pedis pulse
• the femoral pulse in the lower
extremity.
Clinicians measure the carotid
Nilai Normal Denyut Nadi
• The normal range used in an adult is between 60 to 100 beats/minute
• with rates above 100 beats/minute (tacycardia) and rates below 60
beats per minute (bradycardia)
Pemeriksaan Frekuensi Napas
• Use your watch and count how many breaths you take in 60 seconds.
• 1 = 1 inspirasi dan 1 ekspirasi
• Tachypnea (respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute)
• Bradypnea described as ventilation less than 12 breaths per minute
Bagaimana
melihat
waktu untuk
perhitungan
?
Pemeriksaan Tekanan Darah
• The patient should not have taken any caffeinated drink at least one
hour before the testing and
• should not have smoked any nicotine products at least 15 minutes
before checking the pressure.
• They should have emptied their bladder before checking the blood
pressure. Full bladder adds 10 mmHg to the pressure readings.
• It is advisable to have the patient be seated for at least five minutes
before checking their blood pressure.
• This step takes care of or at least minimizes the higher readings that
could have occurred secondary to rushing in for the clinic appointment.
Pengukuran Tensi
Digital
• Duduk Bersandar dengan tenang
• Telapak tangan menghadap ke atas
• Lengan baju tidak dilipat
• Kaki tidak menyilang. Telapak kaki rata
menyentuh lantai
• Letak manset sejajar dengan posisi jantung,
kira-kira 2 jari di atas siku
• Jangan bergerak dan berbicara selama
pengukuran
• Masukkan ujung pipa manset pada bagian
alat
• Perhatikan arah masuknya perekat manset
• Pakai manset, perhatikan arah selang
• Tekan tombol start/stop
• Lakukan pengukuran 2x dengan jeda 1-2
menit
• Apabila hasil pengukuran kedua terdapat
selisih >10 mmHg, ulangi pengukuran ketiga
• Sistolik 100-120 mmHg
• Diastolik 60-80 mmHg
