ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM AND
AUDITING
What is environmental management
system (EMS?)

 is a structured framework and set of processes that an organization

implements to manage its environmental responsibilities and impacts.
 it provides a systematic approach for organizations to identify, monitor,
manage, and continuously improve their interactions with the environment.
 According to ISO 14001- the part of the overall management system that
includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving,
reviewing and maintaining the environment policy.
What is ISO 14001?
 is an international standard for
environmental management systems
(EMS) developed by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO).
 set out the criteria for an environmental
management system. It does not state
requirements for environmental
performance, but maps out a framework
that a company or organization can follow
to set up an effective environmental
management system. Certification in
meeting this standard allows companies to
claim state-of –the-art ecological
responsibility.
 IMPORTANCE OF ISO 14001
 Environmental Performance Improvement
 Legal and Regulatory Compliance
 Risk Management
 Cost saving
 Stakeholder trust and reputation
 Competitive Advantage
 Global Recognition
 Integration with Other Management System
The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, also known as the Deming Cycle or the
Shewhart Cycle, is a fundamental concept within EMS. It's a continuous improvement
framework that guides organizations in managing their environmental impacts
effectively .
The PDCA cycle consists of four stages:
 PLAN
 the organization establishes
its goals and objectives related to
environmental performance. This
involves identifying environmental
aspects and impacts, setting targets,
and developing action plans to
achieve those targets
 DO
 , the organization implements the
plans and actions outlined in the
planning phase. This involves
training employees, allocating
resources, and putting the proposed
changes into action.
 CHECK
 the organization assesses and monitors the results of the actions taken
in the "Do" phase. This involves measuring and evaluating
environmental performance against the set objectives and targets. Data
collection and analysis are crucial during this phase to determine
whether the intended improvements have been achieved.
 ACT
 Based on the results gathered during the "Check" phase, the
organization takes corrective actions and makes necessary adjustments
to improve environmental performance. This can involve refining
processes, addressing identified issues, and updating goals and action
plans as needed. The "Act" phase closes the loop by initiating the next
cycle of planning, doing, checking, and acting.
PURPOSE OF AN EMS
 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
 is a systematic and independent
evaluation of an organization's
activities, processes, and
management systems to assess
their compliance with
environmental regulations, policies,
and standards. It involves reviewing
the organization's environmental
practices, identifying potential
areas of improvement, and
ensuring that environmental
objectives and goals are being met.
TPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT

 Environmental Compliance Audit

 Management System Audit
 Energy Audit
 Waste Audit
 Water Audit
 Product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
 Environmental Compliance Audit
 Purpose: Compliance audits assess an organization's adherence to
environmental laws, regulations, and permits. .
 Scope: Compliance audits involve reviewing permits, records, reports, and
operational practices to verify that the organization is complying with
applicable laws and regulations.
Management System Audit
 Purpose: Management system audits evaluate the effectiveness of an
organization's environmental management system (EMS). The aim is to
assess how well the organization's policies, procedures, and practices align
with established environmental standards and objectives.
 Scope: These audits assess the entire EMS, including its design,
implementation, maintenance, and continuous improvement. They cover
areas such as policy development, planning, implementation, monitoring,
corrective actions, and management review.
Energy Audit
 Purpose: An energy audit focuses specifically on energy consumption and
efficiency within an organization's operations. It aims to identify opportunities for
reducing energy consumption and related environmental impacts.
 Scope: This audit assesses energy usage patterns, identifies areas of energy
waste, and recommends measures to improve energy efficiency and reduce the
organization's carbon footprint.
Waste Audit
 Purpose: A waste audit evaluates an organization's waste management
practices, including waste generation, handling, disposal, and recycling
efforts.
 Scope: This audit involves quantifying and categorizing the types and
amounts of waste generated, identifying opportunities to minimize waste
generation, and ensuring compliance with waste disposal regulations.
Product Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA)
 Purpose: An LCA assesses the environmental impact of a product
throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to
manufacturing, transportation, use, and disposal.
 Scope: This assessment evaluates factors such as resource
consumption, emissions, and waste generation at various stages of
the product's life, helping organizations make informed decisions to
minimize environmental impacts.
Environmental Audit Process
 Stage I Pre-audit/ planning stage
 Collection of data
 Define objectives of audit
 Define scope
 Choose criteria
 Select the team members
 Develop audit plan and protocols
 Stage – II Onsite/ Field Audit
 Opening conference
 Facility tour
 Site/ facility inspection
 Evidence
 Records/ document review
 Initial review of findings
 Closing / exit conference
 Stage III Post Audit
 Final evaluation of findings
 Drafting of preliminary audit report
 Approval of the management
 Holding of exit conference
 Discussion on recommendations, if any
 Preparation and submission of final report

 Stage IV Follow up/ Review Stage

Tools and techniques Used
 Checklist and Questionnaires
 Questioning/ interview
 Sampling
 Site Inspections and Observations
 Document Review
 Data Analysis