Design and

Development of
Dielectric Resonance
Antenna Array for 5g
applications
Under the guidance of: By:
Dr. Shaikh Mastan vali, M. E, M. Gowthami
ph. D (21331A0498)
Professor and HOD, K. Sarath
Department of ECE, Kumar(21331A0472)
MVGR college of engineering K. Vamsi krishna
(A) (21331A0467)
P. Mojesh
Kumar(21331A04C0)
  INTRODUCTION
 ADVANTAGES OF DRA
 TYPES OF FEEDING TECHNIQUES

CONTENTS  5g APLICATIONS
 WORK DONE
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION A dielectric resonator antenna(DRA) is a
OF radio antenna mostly used at microwave
frequencies and higher, that consists of a
DIELECTRIC block of ceramic material of various shapes,
RESONANCE the dielectric resonator, mounted on a metal
ANTENNA surface, a ground plane.
 • Dielectric antennas are used for their low loss, high
efficiency, compact size, lightweight design,
WHY wideband capabilities, high gain, and suitability for
DIELECTRI high-frequency applications like 5G, satellite
communications, and automotive radar.
C
RESONATO • DRAs can be excited using different techniques
which is helpful in different applications and for
R array integration.
ANTENNA?
• The gain, bandwidth, and polarization characteristics
of a DRA can be easily controlled using different
design techniques.
 ADVANTAGES OF
DIELECTRIC RESONATOR
ANTENNAS
  Enhanced
Bandwidth
Dielectric resonance antennas (DRAs) offer wider bandwidth
capabilities compared to conventional antennas, making them
suitable for high- frequency applications and multi- band
operations.
 High Efficiency

The use of dielectric materials in DRAs leads to efficient energy

management and low power consumption, resulting in improved overall
performance and lower operational costs.

 Size Reduction

DRAs can be designed to be compact and lightweight, making

them ideal for integration into modern portable and handheld
devices where space is limited.
 Simple Design and Fabrication

DRAs can be easily designed and fabricated using straightforward

manufacturing processes, reducing production times and costs associated
with more complex antenna designs.
 Low Loss

The low dielectric loss in DRAs minimizes signal attenuation, ensuring

clearer signal transmission and reception, which is critical for
communication systems.
 Simple Feed Mechanism

DRAs often have a simple feed mechanism, which reduces complexity and
increases reliability.
DIFFERENT TYPES
OF ANTENNA
FEEDING
TECHNIQUES
 MICROSTRIP LINE
FEED COAXIAL FEED
In this type of feed technique, the
In this type of feed
inner conductor of the coaxial
technique, a
connector extends through the
TYPES OF conducting strip is
dielectric and is soldered to the
connected directly to the
FEEDING edge of the Microstrip
radiating patch, while the outer
conductor is connected to the
TECHNIQUE patch.
ground plane.
S
APERTURE COUPLED PROXIMITY COUPLED
FEED FEED
In this type of feed technique, This type of feed technique is also
the radiating patch and the called as the electromagnetic
microstrip feed line are coupling scheme. As shown in
separated by the ground plane figure two dielectric substrates are
as shown in Figure. Coupling used such that the feed line is
between the patch and the feed between the two substrates and the
line is made through a slot or an radiating patch is on top of the
aperture in the ground plane. upper substrate.
5G APPLICATIONS
1. Low-Band Spectrum (Sub-1 GHz)

• Frequency Range: 600 MHz – 1 GHz

• Key Applications: -
1. Wide Area Coverage: Ideal for rural and suburban areas due to its ability to
cover large distances and penetrate buildings.
2. IoT (Internet of Things):Supports massive machine-type communications
(mMTC) for smart agriculture, smart cities, and industrial IoT.
3. Basic Mobile Broadband: Provides reliable connectivity for voice and low-to-
moderate data rate applications.
2. Mid-Band Spectrum (1 GHz – 6 GHz)

• Frequency Range:1 GHz – 6 GHz

Sub-6 GHz (3.3 GHz – 4.2 GHz and 4.4 GHz – 5 GHz) is particularly important for
5G.
• Key Applications:
1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): Delivers higher data rates and capacity
for urban and suburban areas, supporting video streaming, gaming, and AR/VR
applications.
2. Smart Cities: Enables connected infrastructure, traffic management, and public
safety systems.
3. Industrial Automation: Supports real-time monitoring and control in
manufacturing and logistics.
4. Fixed Wireless Access (FWA):Provides high-speed internet to homes and
businesses without fibre infrastructure.
3. High-Band Spectrum (mm Wave – Above 24 GHz)

• Frequency Range:24 GHz – 100 GHz

• Common bands: 24 GHz, 28 GHz, 39 GHz, and 60 GHz.
• Key Applications:
1. Ultra-High-Speed Connectivity: Enables multi-gigabit data rates for
applications like 4K/8K video streaming, augmented reality (AR), and virtual
reality (VR).
2. Dense Urban Areas: Provides high capacity and low latency in crowded
environments like stadiums, airports, and city centres.
3. Enterprise and Industrial Use Cases: Supports ultra-reliable low-latency
communication (URLLC) for robotics, autonomous vehicles, and remote surgery.
4. Short-Range Communications: Ideal for small-cell deployments in high-traffic
areas.
"We have utilized the frequency range of 3.5 GHz to
10 GHz to design Dielectric Resonator Antennas
(DRAs) tailored for 5G applications. This frequency
band is particularly suitable for mid-band 5G
operations, enabling enhanced mobile broadband
(eMBB), IoT connectivity, and other high-
performance wireless communication systems.“
 WORK
DONE
(Designed different shapes of
DRAs on Rectangular patch)
 Material used for substrate: FR4 epoxy
Rectangular Dielectric constant of substrate: 4.4
patch
Parameter Value

Resonant Frequency 6.92ghz

Height of the 1.8mm

substrate
Input impedance of 50 ohms
feedline
Width of feed line 3mm
Length of feed line 30mm
Length of patch 30mm
Width of patch 28mm
S parameter/return loss plot:
VSWR plot:
Radiation Pattern:
Gain Plot:

Designed a Rectangular patch at 6.92GHz . It is having the return loss of -29.6480 dB at 6.92GHz. It indicates
good impedance matching between the feed line and the resonator. VSWR plot indicates how efficiently the
antenna operates. The measured radiation pattern shows that the proposed antenna realizes multi-directional
pattern diversity. The maximum gain is observed as 5.75 dB .
 Material used for substrate: FR4 epoxy
Cylindrical Dielectric constant of substrate: 4.4
Material used for DRA: Al2_O3_ceramic
DRA on Dielectric constant of DRA: 9.92
rectangular Parameter Value
patch Resonant Frequency 7.54ghz

Height of the 1.8mm

substrate
Radius of DRA 11mm
Height of DRA 12mm
Input impedance of 50 ohms
feedline
Width of feed line 3mm
Length of feed line 30mm
Length of patch 30mm
Width of patch 28mm
S parameter/return loss
plot:
VSWR plot:
Radiation Pattern:
Gain Plot:

Designed a cylindrical shaped DRA on rectangular patch at 7.54GHz . It is having the return loss of -22.1258 dB at
7.54GHz. It indicates good impedance matching between the feed line and the resonator. VSWR plot indicates how
efficiently the antenna operates. The measured radiation pattern shows that the proposed antenna realizes multi-
directional pattern diversity. The maximum gain is observed as 10.76 dB .
 Material used for substrate: FR4 epoxy
Dielectric constant of substrate: 4.4
Square DRA Material used for DRA: Al2_O3_ceramic
Dielectric constant of DRA: 9.92
on
Parameter Value
rectangular
Resonant Frequency 6.94ghz
patch
Height of the 1.8mm
substrate
Lenght of the DRA 18mm
Height of DRA 5mm
Input impedance of 50 ohms
feedline
Width of feed line 3mm
Length of feed line 30mm
Length of patch 30mm
Width of patch 28mm
S parameter/return loss
plot:
VSWR plot:
Radiation Pattern:
Gain Plot:

Designed a Square shaped DRA on rectangular patch at 6.94GHz . It is having the return loss of -24.8497 dB at
6.94GHz. It indicates good impedance matching between the feed line and the resonator. VSWR plot indicates how
efficiently the antenna operates. The measured radiation pattern shows that the proposed antenna realizes multi-
directional pattern diversity. The maximum gain is observed as 12.29 dB .
 Material used for substrate: FR4 epoxy
Dielectric constant of substrate: 4.4
Triangular Material used for DRA: Al2_O3_ceramic
DRA on Dielectric constant of DRA: 9.92

rectangular Parameter Value

patch Resonant Frequency 6.94ghz

Dielectric height 1.8mm

Length of DRA 22mm
Height of DRA 8mm
Input impedance of 50 ohms
feedline
Width of feed line 3mm
Length of feed line 30mm
Length of patch 30mm
Width of patch 28mm
S parameter/return loss
plot:
VSWR plot:
Radiation Pattern:
Gain Plot:

Designed a Triangular shaped DRA on rectangular patch at 6.94GHz . It is having the return loss of -23.5665 dB at
6.94GHz. It indicates good impedance matching between the feed line and the resonator. VSWR plot indicates how
efficiently the antenna operates. The measured radiation pattern shows that the proposed antenna realizes multi-
directional pattern diversity. The maximum gain is observed as 7.03 dB .
 Material used for substrate: FR4 epoxy
Dielectric constant of substrate: 4.4
I shape DRA Material used for DRA: Al2_O3_ceramic
on Dielectric constant of DRA: 9.92

rectangular Parameter Value

patch Resonant Frequency 6.94ghz

Dielectric height 1.8mm

Length of DRA 19mm
Width of DRA 11mm
Height of DRA 6mm
Input impedance of 50 ohms
feedline
Width of feed line 3mm
Length of feed line 30mm
Length of patch 30mm
Width of patch 28mm
S parameter/return loss
plot:
VSWR plot:
Radiation Pattern:
Gain Plot:

Designed a I shaped DRA on Rectangular patch at 6.94GHz . It is having the return loss of -23.88 dB at
6.94GHz. It indicates good impedance matching between the feed line and the resonator. VSWR plot indicates
how efficiently the antenna operates. The measured radiation pattern shows that the proposed antenna
realizes multi-directional pattern diversity. The maximum gain is observed as 7.58 dB .
Analysis:
Shapes of DRA patch Square Cylinder Triangle I-shape

Resonate 6.92 GHz 6.94 GHz 7.54 GHz 6.94 GHz 6.94 GHz
Frequency
S-parameter -29.6480 -24.8497 -22.1258 -23.5665 -23.8800
dB dB dB dB dB
VSWR 1.0681 1.1214 1.1699 1.1421 1.1367

Gain 5.75 dB 12.29 dB 10.76 dB 7.03 dB 7.58 dB

Bandwidth 0.3 GHz 0.36 GHz 0.36 GHz 0.32 GHz 0.38 GHz
  Y. El Hasnaoui and T. Mazri, "Developing a novel cylindrical dielectric resonator

antenna fed by microstrip line for millimeter-wave applications," Research

Square, Mar. 2023.https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2635522/v1.

 Chaudhuri, S., Mishra, M., Kshetrimayum, R. S., Sonkar, R. K., Chel, H., & Singh, V.

K. (Year). Rectangular DRA Array for 24 GHz ISM Band Applications. IEEE.
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Dielectric Cavity Antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 31,

406-412.

 Kumari, T., Das, G., Gangwar, R. K., & Suman, K. K. (2019). Dielectric resonator

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