METEOROLOGY
1. Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere
contains most of the weather phenomena,
such as clouds and storms?
a. Stratosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Troposphere
d. Thermosphere
1. Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere
contains most of the weather phenomena,
such as clouds and storms?
a. Stratosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Troposphere
d. Thermosphere
• Stratosphere - Contains the ozone layer, which
absorbs and blocks the sun's harmful ultraviolet
(UV) radiation.
• Provides a stable environment for commercial
airliners to fly due to minimal turbulence.
• Mesosphere - Burns up most meteoroids entering
Earth's atmosphere, protecting the planet from
impacts.
• Thermosphere - Absorbs high-energy solar radiation
(X-rays and UV), creating ionization.
• Hosts the ionosphere, which is crucial for radio
communication and auroras.
• Troposphere
• Supports life by containing most of the
atmosphere's oxygen, water vapor, and
weather systems.
• Facilitates the water cycle (evaporation,
condensation, precipitation).
2. What instrument is used to measure
atmospheric pressure?
a. Anemometer
b. Hygrometer
c. Barometer
d. Thermometer
2. What instrument is used to measure
atmospheric pressure?
a. Anemometer
b. Hygrometer
c. Barometer
d. Thermometer
Anemometer
• Function:
⚬ Measures wind speed and sometimes wind
direction.
Hygrometer
• Function:
⚬ Measures the humidity (amount of water
vapor) in the air.
Barometer
• Function:
⚬ Measures atmospheric pressure.
Thermometer
• Function:
⚬ Measures temperature.
3. What is the term for the boundary between two
air masses of different temperatures and
densities?
a. Jet stream
b. Front
c. Cyclone
d. Convection zone
3. What is the term for the boundary between two
air masses of different temperatures and
densities?
a. Jet stream
b. Front
c. Cyclone
d. Convection zone
Jet Stream
⚬ Narrow bands of fast-moving air currents in
the upper atmosphere (troposphere).
⚬ Influences weather patterns, including the
movement of storms and air masses.
(helpful in aviation)
Cyclone
⚬ A low-pressure system characterized by
rotating winds that converge toward the
center.
⚬ Can bring heavy rainfall, strong winds, and
Convection Zone
⚬ A region in the Sun's interior where energy
is transferred outward by convection
currents (hot plasma rising and cooler
plasma sinking).
⚬ Essential for moving heat and energy
toward the Sun's surface.
Front
⚬ A boundary between two air masses of
different temperatures and densities.
⚬ Triggers weather events such as precipitation,
storms, or sudden temperature changes.
4. Which type of cloud is associated with
thunderstorms and heavy precipitation?
a. Cirrus
b. Cumulonimbus
c. Stratus
d. Altocumulus
4. Which type of cloud is associated with
thunderstorms and heavy precipitation?
a. Cirrus
b. Cumulonimbus
c. Stratus
d. Altocumulus
Cirrus
⚬ Indicates fair weather, but may signal an approaching
warm front or storm.
Stratus
⚬ Associated with overcast skies and light
precipitation, such as drizzle or mist.
⚬ Low, gray, uniform cloud layers that cover the sky.
Altocumulus
⚬ Often indicates changing weather and can precede
storms if seen in the morning.
Mid-level clouds found between 2,000 to 6,000 meters
Cumulonimbus
⚬ Produces severe weather such as thunderstorms,
heavy rain, lightning, hail, and sometimes tornadoes.
5. What is the primary cause of wind on
Earth?
a. Ocean currents
b. Rotation of the Earth
c. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface
d. Gravitational pull from the Moon
5. What is the primary cause of wind on
Earth?
a. Ocean currents
b. Rotation of the Earth
c. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface
d. Gravitational pull from the Moon
5. What is the primary cause of wind on
Earth?
a. Ocean currents
b. Rotation of the Earth
c. Unequal heating of the Earth's surface
d. Gravitational pull from the Moon
A. Ocean Currents:
• Continuous movements of seawater driven
by wind, Earth's rotation, temperature,
salinity, and gravity.
B. Rotation of the Earth:
• Earth's spinning on its axis, causing day-
night cycles and influencing atmospheric
and oceanic patterns.
c. Unequal Heating of the Earth's Surface:
• Uneven sunlight distribution causes
temperature differences, driving weather
and wind systems.
d. Gravitational Pull from the Moon:
• The Moon's gravity causes ocean tides,
with high tides forming where its pull is
strongest.
6. What phenomenon occurs when warm air
rises rapidly, cools, and condenses into water
droplets, releasing latent heat?
a. Evaporation
b. Convection
c. Precipitation
d. Condensation
6. What phenomenon occurs when warm air
rises rapidly, cools, and condenses into water
droplets, releasing latent heat?
a. Evaporation
b. Convection
c. Precipitation
d. Condensation
a. Evaporation: Liquid water turns into vapor
due to heat.
b. Convection: Heat transfer through fluid
movement, driving atmospheric circulation.
c. Precipitation: Water falls to Earth as rain,
snow, sleet, or hail.
d. Condensation: Water vapor cools and
becomes liquid, forming clouds or dew.
Radiation:
• Medium: No medium required; it can occur
through a vacuum.
• Heat transfer happens via electromagnetic
waves (e.g., sunlight reaching Earth).
Convection:
• Medium: Requires a fluid (liquid or gas).
• Heat transfer occurs through the
movement of the fluid, driven by
temperature differences.
Conduction:
⚬ Medium: Requires a solid, liquid, or gas
(most effective in solids).
⚬ Heat is transferred through direct
contact between particles within the
material.
7. What is the Coriolis effect, and how does it influence
weather patterns?
a. It causes the Earth's magnetic field to shift weather
systems.
b. It deflects the path of moving air due to Earth's
rotation.
c. It increases the speed of wind due to temperature
differences.
d. It determines the amount of solar radiation
absorbed by the Earth.
7. What is the Coriolis effect, and how does it influence
weather patterns?
a. It causes the Earth's magnetic field to shift weather
systems.
b. It deflects the path of moving air due to Earth's
rotation.
c. It increases the speed of wind due to temperature
differences.
d. It determines the amount of solar radiation
absorbed by the Earth.
8. Which term refers to a large-scale tropical storm
with strong winds and heavy rains?
a. Tornado
b. Hurricane
c. Blizzard
d. Thunderstorm
8. Which term refers to a large-scale tropical storm
with strong winds and heavy rains?
a. Tornado
b. Hurricane
c. Blizzard
d. Thunderstorm
9. What is the primary source of energy that drives the
Earth's weather systems?
a. Geothermal heat
b. Solar radiation
c. Tidal forces
d. Earth's magnetic field
9. What is the primary source of energy that drives the
Earth's weather systems?
a. Geothermal heat
b. Solar radiation
c. Tidal forces
d. Earth's magnetic field
• Geothermal Heat: Heat from inside the
Earth, driving volcanic activity and
geothermal energy.
• Solar Radiation: Energy from the Sun,
powering weather, climate, and life.
• Tidal Forces: Gravitational effects from the
Moon and Sun causing ocean tides.
• Earth's Magnetic Field: A magnetic shield
protecting Earth from solar wind and
cosmic radiation.
• 10. What is the process by which water
vapor changes directly into ice without
becoming liquid first?
• a. Evaporation
• b. Condensation
• c. Deposition
• d. Sublimation
• 10. What is the process by which water
vapor changes directly into ice without
becoming liquid first?
• a. Evaporation
• b. Condensation
• c. Deposition
• d. Sublimation
a. Evaporation
The process where liquid water turns into
water vapor (gas) due to heat.
b. Condensation
The process where water vapor cools and
changes back into liquid water, forming
clouds or dew.
c. Deposition
The process where gas (like water vapor) turns
directly into a solid without becoming a liquid
first, such as frost forming on surfaces.
d. Sublimation
The process where a solid (like ice or snow)
turns directly into a gas without first becoming
a liquid, like dry ice turning into vapor.
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