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Rutherford Atomic Model

The document discusses Rutherford's Atomic Model, which was developed to address the limitations of Thomson's plum pudding model. It details the Gold Foil Experiment that revealed the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus and concludes that while the model explains certain atomic behaviors, it fails to address electron stability and arrangement. The document also compares Rutherford's model to Thomson's and outlines its limitations.

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121 views10 pages

Rutherford Atomic Model

The document discusses Rutherford's Atomic Model, which was developed to address the limitations of Thomson's plum pudding model. It details the Gold Foil Experiment that revealed the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus and concludes that while the model explains certain atomic behaviors, it fails to address electron stability and arrangement. The document also compares Rutherford's model to Thomson's and outlines its limitations.

Uploaded by

applemactonish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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rutherford

atomic
model
NAME : TANYA
CLASS : 12TH
CONTENTS

1.Introduction
2. Gold Foil Experiment

3. Conclusion of Gold Foil Experiment


4. Thomson’s model vs Rutherford
model
5. Limitation
6. Conclusion
Introduction :

Rutherford Atomic Model – The plum


pudding model given by J. J. Thomson failed
to explain certain experimental results
associated with the atomic structure of
elements. Ernest Rutherford, a British
scientist conducted an experiment and
based on the observations of this
experiment, he explained the atomic
structure of elements and proposed
Rutherford’s Atomic Model.
gold foil
experiment
• Most of the alpha - particle
goes straight through the gold
foil or suffer very small
deflection.
• A few alpha - particle deflect
through an angle of 90° or
more.
• One (1) in 8000 alpha - particle
get rebounded from the gold
foil through an angle of 180° .
GRAPH OBTAINED BY GOLD FOIL
EXPERIMENT :
CONCLUSION DRAWN BY gold foil
experiment
• Most of the alpha particles
passed straight through the foil,
indicating that atoms have
mostly empty space.
• A small fraction of the alpha
particles were deflected at large
angles, suggesting the presence
of a dense, positively charged
nucleus at the center of the
atom.
• A very few particles were
deflected back, showing the
nucleus is concentrated with
most of the atom's mass.
HOW RUTHRFORD MODEL IS
DIFFERENT from THOMSON MODEL
Thomson’s Rutherford’s Model
Model • Atom consists of small, dense,
• In an atom uniform positive
charge with electrons embedded positively charged nucleus with
(like a plum pudding). electrons orbiting around it.

• No nucleus . • Atom has a central nucleus.


• Electrons revolve around the
• Based on cathode ray nucleus.
experiments.
• Based on gold foil experiment.
LIMITATIONS

• Electron Stability Issue: According to Maxwell’s theory, electrons in


orbit should emit radiation, lose energy, and eventually spiral into
the nucleus, making the atom unstable.
• Electron Arrangement: Rutherford's model didn’t explain how
electrons are arranged in stable orbits around the nucleus.
• Failed to Explain Emission Spectrum: The model couldn't explain why
atoms emit light at specific wavelengths (spectral lines).
Conclusion

1.The atom has a small, dense, positively


charged nucleus at its center.
2.Electrons revolve around the nucleus in the
empty space around it.
3.The model explained the deflection of alpha
particles in the gold foil experiment but failed
to explain atomic stability and electron
arrangement.
by :
tanya

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