CSE@HCST
UNIT-V
RCS-402
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
PART-II
05/25/2025 Software Engineering
Syllabus
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SOFTWARE-PROJECT ESTIMATION
Software-Project estimation is the process of
estimating various resources required for the
completion of a project.
Effective software-project estimation is an important
activity in any software-development project.
Underestimating software projects and understaffing
it often leads to low-quality deliverables, and the
project misses the target deadline leading to customer
dissatisfaction and loss of credibility to the company.
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SOFTWARE-PROJECT ESTIMATION
On the other hand, overstaffing a project without proper
control will increase the cost of the project and reduce
the competitiveness of the company.
Software-Project estimation mainly encompasses the
following steps-
Estimating the Size of the Project.
Estimating Efforts Based on Person-months or Person-hours.
Estimating Schedule in Calendar Days/Month/Year Based on
Total Person-months Required and Manpower Allocated to the
Project.
Estimating Total Cost of the Project Depending on the Above
and Other Resources. CSE@HCST 05/25/2025
SOFTWARE-PROJECT ESTIMATION
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SOFTWARE-PROJECT ESTIMATION
Estimating Size-Estimating the size of the software to be
developed is the very first step to make an effective estimation of
the project.
Estimating Effort-Once the size of software is estimated, the
next step is to estimate the effort based on the size.
Estimating Schedule-The next step in the estimation process is
estimating the project schedule from the effort estimated. The
schedule for a project will generally depend on human resources
involved in a process.
Estimating Cost- Cost estimation is the next step for projects.
The cost of a project is derived not only from the estimates of
effort and size but from other parameters, such as hardware,
travel expenses, telecommunication costs, training
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SOFTWARE-PROJECT ESTIMATION
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CONSTRUCTIVE COST MODEL (COCOMO)
COCOMO stands for Constructive Cost Model.
It was introduced by Barry Boehm in 1981.
It is perhaps the best known and most thoroughly documented of all
software-cost estimation models.
It provides the following Three levels of models-
Basic COCOMO: A single-value model that computes software-
development costs as a function of an estimate of LOC.
Intermediate COCOMO: This model computes development
costs and effort as a function of program size (LOC) and a set of cost
drivers.
Complete COCOMO: This model computes development effort
and costs which incorporates all characteristics of intermediate levels
with assessment of cost implications in each
CSE@HCST step of development
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(analysis, design, testing, etc.).
CONSTRUCTIVE COST MODEL (COCOMO)
This model may be applied to three classes of software projects as
given below:
Organic-
Small-size project.
A simple software project where the development team has good knowledge
of the application.
Semi-Detached-
An intermediate-size project, and the project is based on rigid and semi-
rigid requirements.
Embedded-
The project is developed under hardware, software, and operational
constraints.
Examples are embedded software and flight-control software..
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CONSTRUCTIVE COST MODEL (COCOMO)
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Basic COCOMO Model
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Basic COCOMO Model
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Example-1
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Example-2
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Software Risk Analysis & Management
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Software Risk Analysis & Management
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Software Risk Analysis & Management
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Type Of Risk
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Risk Management Process And Plan
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Bohem Project Risk Model
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Bohem Project Risk Model
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SEI Risk Management Model And Risk Sources
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Risk Vs. Project Management
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Risk Management Process
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Risk Management Process Element
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Risk Management Process Element
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Risk Management Process Element
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Risk Management Process Element
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Risk Management Process Element
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Risk Management Process Element
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Managing Risk
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Numerical
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Resource Allocation
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Resource Allocation
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END
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