COMMUNICATION

BY: MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSN

COMMUNICATION
A process by which information
is exchanged between
individuals through a common
system of symbols, signs, or
behavior.
Why?
Effective communication helps us better understand
a person or situation and enables us to resolve
differences and build trust and respect.
 WHY EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION?
1) The ability to effectively communicate with others is
one of the most important tools for professional and
personal success.
2) Effective communication can help you influence others.
3) Your capacity to communicate is often seen as an
indicator of your ability and intelligence.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
SENDER:
The person who intends to convey the
message with the intention of passing
information and ideas to others is
known as sender or communicator.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
MESSAGE:
This is the subject matter of the
communication. This may be an
opinion, attitude, feelings, views,
orders, or suggestions.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL:
The person who is interested in
communicating has to choose the channel
for sending the required information, ideas
etc. This information is transmitted to the
receiver through certain channels which
may be either formal or informal.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
DECODING:
The person who receives the message
or symbol from the communicator tries
to convert the same in such a way so
that he may extract its meaning to his
complete understanding.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
FEEDBACK:
Feedback is the process of ensuring
that the receiver has received the
message and understood in the
same sense as sender meant it.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
ENCODING:
Since the subject matter of communication is
theoretical and intangible, its further passing
requires use of certain symbols such as words,
actions or pictures etc. Conversion of subject
matter into these symbols is the process of
encoding.
 8 MAJOR ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
BARRIERS:
It is also known as communication noise or noise in communication. Noise is
an unwanted element of the communication process that communicators
always want to avoid during the interaction.
Noise in communication is any barrier that obstacles the effectiveness of the
communication process. Actually, noise exists in all kinds of communication,
such as face-to-face communication, group communication, mediated
communication, etc. Communication will be more effective and interactive if
there is no noise. Noises are unnecessary elements of communication that
distract receivers from receiving the message.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
People communicate with each
other in a number of ways that
depend upon the message and
its context in which it is being
sent.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Types of communication based
on the Communication Channels
used are
• Verbal Communication
• Non-verbal Communication
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
•It refers to the form of communication in
which message is transmitted verbally
•Communication is done by word of
mouth and a piece of writing.
• In verbal communication remember the
acronym “KISS” (Keep it Short and Simple)
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
is divided into:
❑Oral Communication
❑Written Communication
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
⮚Spoke words that included face to face
conversation, speech, telephonic, conversation,
video, radio, television, voice over, internet.
⮚Communication is influenced by pitch, volume,
speed and clarity of speaking.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
⮚ Advantages:
▪ It brings quick feedback
▪ In a face to face conversation, by
reading facial expression and body
language once can guess whether he or
she should trust what’s being said or not.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
⮚Disadvantages:
▪In a face to face discussion, user is
unable to deeply think about what he
is delivering, so this can be counted as
a fault
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Written Communication
⮚Written signs or symbols are used to
communicate.
⮚Message can be transmitted via email, letter,
report, memorandum etc.
⮚Most common form of communication being
used in business.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Written Communication
⮚Disadvantages:
▪Doesn’t bring instant feedback. It take
more time in composing a written
message as compared to work of
mouth and number of people struggle
for writing ability.
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Oral Communication
⮚Disadvantages:
▪In a face to face discussion, user is
unable to deeply think about what he
is delivering, so this can be counted as
a fault
 NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Is the sending or receiving of wordless
messages such as gesture, body
language, posture, tone of voice or facial
expression

It is all about the body language of the

speaker
 NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Three elements:
• Appearance
• Speaker – clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of
cosmetics
• Surrounding – room, size, lighting, decorations,
furnishing
• Body Language – facial expressions, gestures,
postures
• Sounds – voice tone, volume, speech rate
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal
Communication
• Communication that occurs in
your own mind. It is the basis
of your feelings, biases,
prejudices, and beliefs.
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal
Communication
• Communication between two
people but can involve more in
informal conversation.
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Small Group Communication
• Communication within formal or informal
groups or teams. It is group interaction
that results in decision making, problem
solving and discussion within an
organization.
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
One to Group Communication
• Involves a speaker who seeks to inform,
persuade or motivate an audience
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Mass Communication
• Electronic or print transmission of
messages to the general public. Outlet
called mass media include things like
radio, television, film and printed materials
designed to reach large audience.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF CLARITY:
The idea or message to be communicated should be clearly spelt out. It
should be worded in such a way that the receiver understands the
same thing which the sender wants to convey. There should be no
ambiguity in the message. It should be kept in mind that the words do
not speak themselves but the speaker gives them the meaning. A clear
message will evoke the same response from the other party. It is also
essential that the receiver is conversant with the language, inherent
assumptions, and the mechanics of communication.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF ATTENTION:
In order to make communication effective, the receiver’s attention
should be drawn towards message. People are different in behaviour,
attention, emotions etc. so they may respond differently to the
message. Subordinates should act similarly as per the contents of the
message. The acts of a superior also draw the attention of subordinates
and they may follow what they observe. For example, if a superior is
very punctual in coming to the office then subordinates will also
develop such habits. It is said that ‘actions speak louder than words.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF FEEDBACK:
The principle of feedback is very important to make the communication
effective. There should be a feedback information from the recipient to
know whether he has understood the message in the same sense in
which the sender has meant it.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF INFORMALITY:
Formal communication is generally used for transmitting messages and
other information. Sometimes formal communication may not achieve
the desired results, informal communication may prove effective in
such situations. Management should use informal communication for
assessing the reaction of employees towards various policies. Senior
management may informally convey certain decisions to the employees
for getting their feedback. So this principle states that informal
communication is as important as formal communication.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF CONSISTENCY:
This principle states that communication should always be consistent
with the policies, plans, programs and objectives of the organization
and not in conflict with them. If the messages and communications are
in conflict with the policies and programs then there will be confusion
in the minds of subordinates and they may not implement them
properly. Such a situation will be detrimental to the interests of the
organization.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF TIMELINESS:
This principle states that communication should be done at proper time
so that it helps in implementing plans. Any delay in communication may
not serve any purpose rather decisions become of historical importance
only.
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
PRINCIPLE OF ADEQUACY:
The information communicated should be adequate and complete in all
respects. Inadequate information may delay action and create
confusion. Inadequate information also affects efficiency of the
receiver. So adequate information is essential for taking proper
decisions and making action plans.
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
EMOTIONAL BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
CULTURAL BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
CULTURAL BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
GENDER BARRIERS
 BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS
 HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS
•Taking the receiver more
seriously
•Crystal clear message
•Delivering messages skilfully
•Focusing on the Receiver
 HOW TO OVERCOME BARRIERS
•Using multiple channels to
communicate instead od relying to
one channel
•Ensuring appropriate feedback
•Be aware of your own state of
mind/emotions/attitude
LISTENING
 ACTIVE LISTENING
• More than just hearing someone speak.

• You fully concentrate on what is being said.

• You listen with all your senses and give your full
attention to the person speaking.
ARE YOU AN ACTIVE
LISTENER?
 NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION
IMPROVE HOW YOU READ NONVERBALS!
1. People watching

2. Be aware of individual differences

3. Look at nonverbal signals as a whole

MANAGING STRESS
Tips to Manage Stress in the Moment
1. Recognize when you’re stressed
2. Identify your stress response
3. Bring your senses to the rescue
4. Find sensory inspiration
5. Make quick stress relief a habit
6. Practice wherever you are
STRESS TOLERANCE
• Exercise
• Do more of the “good things”
• Relax
• Respond to today
EMOTIONAL AWARENESS
 Why?
• Understand and empathize with what is troubling
others.

• Understand yourself – what is really troubling you and

what do you really want?

• Helps you at times when you have to deliver bad news.

DEVELOP YOUR EMOTIONAL AWARENESS
Emotional Awareness can be learned and developed.

Once strongly developed, you’ll know what you’re

feeling without having to think about it and you’ll be
able to use those emotional cues to more accurately
read others.
THANK YOU!!!