Motivation
Motivation refers to a process of inducing and
stimulating an individual to act in certain manner.
In the context of an organisation, motivation
implies encouraging and urging the employees to
perform to the best of their capabilities so as to
achieve the desired goals of the organisation.
Nature of Motivation
1. Motivation is an Unending Process
2. Motivation is a Psychological Concept
3. The whole Individual is Motivated
4. Frustrated man cannot be Motivated
5. Goals are Motivators:
6. The Self concept as a Unifying Force:
7. Motivation is not dichotomous:
8. Motivation is dynamic and Continuous:
9. Motivation is subject to numerous factors:
10. Motivation is an internal force:
11. Motivation is the set of focus:
Importance of Motivation
1. Increase in productivity:
2. Increase in sales:
3. Favorable attribute:
4. Implementation of change:
5. Utilization of manpower:
6. Effective training:
7. Increase job satisfaction:
8. Facing unexpected events:
9. Flexibility:
10. Increase in efficiency:
11. Reduction of wastage:
12. Establishing fair labor-management relation:
13. Proper utilization of Human Resources:
14. Best utilization of other Resources:
15. Willingness to Work:
16. Building of good labor relations:
17. Basis of cooperation:
18. Improvement upon skill and knowledge:
19. Builds human relations:
Theory of Motivation
1. Need Priority Theory of Motivation
2. Two-factor Theory of Motivation
3. Basic Needs Tree Theory
4. ERG Theory
5. Equity Theory of Motivation
6. Expectancy Theory of Motivation
I. Need Priority Theory
Physiological needs:
Safety needs:
Social needs:
Esteem needs:
Self-Actualization needs:
2. Two Factor Theory
1. Motivational Factors: satisfiers,motivators,job
content,intrinsic factors
(Achievement,recognition,advancement, work it
self,possibility of growth,responsibility)
2. Hygiene Factors: Dissatisfers,job context,
extrinsic factors(com policy,quality of
supervision,peer & sub relatedness,pay rate,job
security,working condition ,status)
3. ERG Theory
Existence(E)
Relatedness®
Growth(G)
Existence : group includes the needs of basic
material for survival of people and mathches with
Maslow’s Physiological and safety needs.
Relatedness: needs includes the desire of people to
have relationship or association with other people
and matches with social and esteem needs of the
people.
4. Basic Needs Tree Model
1. Basic Needs (Jaruriat)
Physiological needs,resouces,education,
freedom,family formation,beliefs/values
2. Need for comfort (T’ajiat)
3. Need for Beauty ( Tahsiniat)
c) Growth: needs include the desire for personal
advancement and matches with esteem and self
actualization needs of Maslow’s Theory.
5. The Expectancy Theory
a) Valence: It refers to the strength of a person’s
preference for receiving a reward.
b) Expectancy: It is the strength of belief that one’s
work-related effort result in completion of a task. It
shows the individual’s high level of self-efficiency.
c) Instrumentality: Instrumentality refers to the
probability that performance will result in a
reward for a particular tasks, that means the
ability of job to avail the desired reward.
6. Equity Theory
The equity theory of motivation states a person's
motivation is directly related to their perception of
equity or level of fairness. This theory shows that
you become more motivated when your perceived
fairness is high and demotivated when you
perceive unfairness.
Incentives (Means) of Motivation
1. Financial Incentives of Motivation
a) Fair wages: Employees are encouraged by high
salary. Salary basic salary. It organizations don’t give handsome
salary to their employees, they will be frustrated.
b) Profit sharing: Generally owner deserves profit of an
organization. But a part of profit’s are given to employees by
superiors then employees will be satisfied.
c) Bonus: Bonus is the best system for encouraging to
employees. Bonus means extra income thought by employees.
d) Financial security: Employees want to get future
financial security. Many organizations provide provident
fund, pension, groups insurance to their employees.
e) Advance: Many organization pay advance to their
employees from provident fund. It inspires to the
employees of an organization.
2. Non-Financial incentives of motivation
a) Fair working environment: Environment is very
important factor of management. If environment is
favorable for employee’s they will do their work
peacefully. II. Security: If an employee doesn’t have
security, she he will not be interested about their work
b) Attractive work: Employees are interested about
attractive work. So organizations should provide
attractive work to their employee’s.
c) Fair treatment: Organization should do fair treatment
with their employee’s. And employees also want to get
fair treatment from their organization.
d) Application of worthwhile work: Application of
worthwhile work makes employees eager to their work.
Organizations should appreciate to their employee’s for
worthwhile work.
e) Training facility: Fair training creates efficiency
among employee’s organization should also provide its
facility.
f) Opportunity to participate in ownership: Superiors
of an organization should create opportunity for their
employee’s to participate in ownership.
g) Establishing equity: Every organization should
establish equity. It all employees are treated equally they
will be eager to their works.
h) Good will of the organization: Good will of the
organization is vital non-financial means of motivation.
Employees want to do work those type of an
organization’s that has good will.
I) Creating education facilities: Organization should
create education facilities for their employee’s children.
For this reason employees are encouraged.
Causes of Poor Motivation
1. Minimal job training is the 1st canes of min motivation
of employees. Which affect productivity.
2. Lack of clearly defined goals, employees may not
understand their future management
3. Lack
1. of feedback may decrease the interest
of workers as it can not help than to get any benefit.
4. Messey work areas can hamper discipline of work
which can create disregard for superior or work.
5. Social facilitation destroys attention, Repetitiveness.
6. Repetitiveness of work can causes boredom
monitory.
Motivation in Islam
Motivation to work for Állah’s(SWT) forgiveness
and reward is the greatest motivation for a
Muslim. Working in Islam not only pursues the
"worldly bonus" but also as a human charity to
lead to eternity.
.
Sources of Motivation in Islam
Sources of motivation in Islam include the
Quran, hadiths, belief in the afterlife, good
companions, and appreciation of Allah's
(SWT) creation. A Muslim's work is
considered a form of worship and good deed
that can lead to true success in this life and
the next
