Motivation
Course instructor:
Qubsha Munir
Definition
Motivation: the factors that direct and energize the behavior of
humans and other organisms
A motivation is a driving force that initiates and directs behavior.
Some motivations are biological, such as the motivation for
food, water, and sex.
But there are a variety of other personal and social
motivations that can influence behavior, including the
motivations for social approval and acceptance, the motivation to
achieve.
In psychology, motives are the driving forces behind behavior. These can be categorized into *primary
motives and secondary motives
Primary Motives (Biological or Secondary Motives (Social or
Innate Motives) Learned Motives)
Primary motives are those that are essential Secondary motives are learned through
for the survival of the individual and the experience and social interaction, and are not
species. These are innate, biological drives directly related to biological survival.
that arise from basic physiological needs and These are influenced by environmental
are present from birth.
factors and culture, and they reflect more
These motives are often related to our survival complex psychological needs.
and well-being.
Linked to social, emotional, and psychological
Essential for survival and reproduction. needs.
Focused on physiological well-being Related to personal growth, social
Hunger, Thirst, Sleep, Avoidance of Pain, relationships, and achievement.
Warmth/Temperature Regulation. Achievement, Affiliation, Power, Curiosity,
Status/Recognition, Material and Financial
Success,
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic (arising from internal Extrinsic (arising from
factors) external factors)
Intrinsically motivated behaviors are While extrinsically motivated
performed because of the sense of behaviors are performed in order to
personal satisfaction that they bring. receive something from others.
Example: You are in university because Example: However, if you are here
you enjoy learning and want to pursue because you want to get a college
an education to make yourself a more
degree to make yourself more
well-rounded individual.
marketable for a high-paying career
If so, then you are intrinsically or to satisfy the demands of your
motivated. parents, then your motivation is more
extrinsic in nature.
In reality, our motivations are often a mix of
both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the
nature of the mix of these factors might
change over time.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow (1943) proposed a hierarchy of needs.
These needs are often depicted as a pyramid.
At the base of the pyramid are all of the physiological needs
that are necessary for survival.
These are followed by basic needs for security and safety, the
need to be loved and to have a sense of belonging, and the
need to have self-worth and confidence.
The top tier of the pyramid is self-actualization, which is a need
that essentially equates to achieving one’s full potential, and it
can only be realized when needs lower on the pyramid have been
met.
1. Physiological Needs: These are the most basic needs for survival,
including food, water, shelter, sleep, and air.
2. Safety Needs: Once physiological needs are met, individuals seek security
and protection, including job security, financial stability, and health.
3. Love and Belonging Needs: This level involves the need for social
connection, intimacy, and belonging to groups, such as family, friends, and
social circles.
4. Esteem Needs: Individuals strive for self-respect, recognition, and status,
as well as respect and appreciation from others.
5. Self-Actualization Needs: This is the highest level, where individuals
seek to fulfill their full potential and achieve their unique goals. Self-
actualization is about realizing one's full potential and becoming the best
version of oneself.
Thankyou
Any Questions?????
