ESSENTIALS
OF PROBLEM
SOLVING
USING
PYTHON
I B.TECH II SEM
CIVIL / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MODULE 1
Python Basics: Python Conditionals and
Objects, Operators, Loops-if, else, elif, for,
Built-in Functions.
Python Numbers, while, break,
Operators, continue, pass.
Sequences: Strings,
Mapping and Set
Lists, and Tuples-
Types: Dictionaries,
Built-in Functions,
Sets.
Special features.
Unlocking the Power of
Python for Beginner's
Welcome! Today, we'll dive into the world of programming with
Python, a versatile and popular language. We'll explore why Python
is so widely used, understand the fundamentals of coding, and
learn how to write and run your first program. Join us on this
exciting journey to unlock the power of coding!
Objectives
What is programming?
What is programming language?
How computers understand a programming language?
How to write and run a code?
Why Python?
Beginner- Versatile Large
Friendly Community
Python is used in
Python's simple web development, A huge, active
syntax makes it data science, community provides
easy for beginners machine learning, ample resources
to learn and use. and more. and support for
users.
Understanding
Programming
Fundamentals
1 What is Programming? 2 What is a
Programming
Programming is
Language?
essentially giving A programming language
instructions to a provides a set of rules
computer to perform and syntax for writing
specific tasks. those instructions,
allowing us to
communicate with
computers.
3 How Computers Understand Programming Languages
Computers don't understand human languages, so they
need a special "translator" called a compiler or interpreter to
convert the code into machine-readable instructions.
Writing and Running Your
First Code
1. Set up Your Environment
Install Python and a text editor or IDE on your computer.
You'll use this to write and save your code.
2. Write Your First Code
Start with a simple "Hello, world!" program. This
demonstrates the basic syntax and how code is executed.
3. Run Your Code
Use the command line or your IDE to run the code. Watch
your program come to life!
Python Programming:
An Introduction
Welcome to the world of Python programming! Learn
about the fundamentals of programming, what a
programming language is, and how Python is a powerful
tool for creating anything you can imagine.
What is Programming?
Telling a Computer What to Do
Programming is like giving instructions to a computer, telling it what to do
and how to do it.
There are two types of languages for communication between a computer and
a programmer (human).
1. Machine language:
which is a binary code (series of 0s and 1s) and computers understood it and
it is difficult for humans to understand.
2. Programming language:
which is a source code and humans understood it and computers could not.
What is a Programming Language?
A programming language is a formal language, which includes a set of
instructions that helps a programmer to communicate or interact with a
computer. What is Programming Language? Programming Language is classified
into two categories, based on the level (Degree) of abstraction and gap between
source code and machine code.
1. Source code is any collection of code, written using a human-readable
programming language, usually as plain text.
2. Machine code is a computer program written in machine language
instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's control unit.
High-Level vs. Low-Level
Languages: Python
This presentation explores the fundamental differences between
high-level and low-level programming languages and provides a
deep dive into how Python, as a high-level language, simplifies
programming tasks.
The Power of Abstraction: Python's High-Level
Advantage
High-Level Languages Low-Level Languages
Like Python, they provide a layer of abstraction, Such as Assembly or C, work directly with the
enabling programmers to focus on the logic of their computer's hardware, giving programmers granular
code without needing to understand the intricate control over memory management and hardware
details of machine instructions. This makes resources. They are often used for performance-critical
development faster and more efficient. tasks and system-level programming.
Python's Strengths: Simplicity & Versatility
Readability & Ease of Use
Python's syntax is designed for clarity and simplicity, making it easier to
1 learn and write code. This makes it a popular choice for beginners and
experienced developers alike.
Extensive Libraries & Frameworks
The Python ecosystem boasts a vast collection of libraries and
2
frameworks, providing ready-made solutions for a wide range of
tasks, from web development to data science.
Wide Application
From web development and data analysis to machine
3
learning and automation, Python's versatility allows it to
be used in diverse fields.
Understanding Compilers
and Interpreters
Welcome to the world of programming! In this presentation, we'll
explore the fundamental concepts of compilers and interpreters,
essential tools that bridge the gap between human-readable code
and machine-executable instructions.
What is a Compiler?
The Translator The Entire Program
A compiler is like a language translator, converting It analyzes the entire program at once and produces a
code written in a high-level programming language complete executable file. Think of it as translating an
(like Python or Java) into low-level machine code that entire book into another language.
your computer's processor can understand.
What is an Interpreter?
Line by Line Interactive Experience
An interpreter reads and executes your code line by Interpreters are ideal for interactive programming,
line. Instead of translating the entire program at once, allowing you to see immediate results as you write
it processes each instruction as it encounters it. code. It's like having a live conversation with a
translator.
Compiler vs. Interpreter
Compiler Interpreter
Faster execution Easier to debug and test
More efficient for large Supports dynamic typing
programs (less strict code rules)
Used for languages like C+ Used for languages like
+, Java, C# Python, Ruby, JavaScript
Both
Convert high-level code to low-level instructions
Enable programmers to interact with computers
Writing Your First Code
Choosing a Language Finding Resources
Pick a beginner-friendly language like Python, Dive into online tutorials, courses, and communities.
JavaScript, or Scratch. Each language has its strengths You can find tons of free and paid resources to guide
and weaknesses, so explore and find what excites you. your learning journey.
IDE: Your Coding Playground
Integrated Development Environment Features
An IDE is a software program that provides a IDEs offer syntax highlighting, code completion
comprehensive set of tools for writing, testing, and suggestions, debugging tools, and more. They
debugging code. It's your one-stop shop for all things streamline your coding process and enhance
programming. productivity.
Examples: Visual Studio, IDLE, PyCharm, Jupyter Notebook
Running Your Code
Save and Execute Output and Feedback
After writing your code, save it as a file with the correct Observe the output of your code in the terminal or a
extension (e.g., .py for Python). Then, use the IDE's run designated output area. This will provide valuable
button or command-line commands to execute it. feedback on whether your code is working as intended.
Key Takeaways:
Understanding Code
1 Compiler 2 Interpreter
Translates entire code Executes code line by line
into machine language
3 IDE 4 Syntax
Provides tools for writing The rules of a
and running code programming language
OPERATORS
PYTHON OBJECTS AND
PYTHON OBJECTS AND OPERATORS
PYTHON OBJECTS AND OPERATORS
INTRODUCTION
TO OBJECTS
WHAT ARE PYTHON OBJECTS?
In Python, objects are things that store
information and can do actions. They are
created from blueprints called classes.
For example, if a class is a Car, then an object
could be your Fortuner.
•The object (your car) has data like color,
brand, and speed.
•It also has actions (functions) like driving and
braking.
24
PYTHON OBJECTS AND OPERATORS
TYPES OF OBJECTS
IMMUTABLE TYPES
Immutable types cannot be changed once created; examples include
strings and tuples. Any change results in creating a new object.
MUTABLE TYPES
Mutable types can change their state or contents, like lists or
dictionaries. They allow modifications without creating new
objects.
25
OVERVIEW OF OPERATORS
PYTHON OBJECTS AND OPERATORS
Operators in Python are special symbols that perform
operations on values or variables. They can manipulate
data, compare values, and perform logical operations,
making them essential in programming.
INTRODU
CTION TO
OPERATO
RS
26
TYPES OF OPERATORS
PYTHON OBJECTS AND OPERATORS
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS COMPARISON OPERATORS LOGICAL OPERATORS
These operators perform basic Used to compare values, Combine or invert Boolean
mathematical operations: yielding Boolean results: values with 'and', 'or', and 'not'.
addition, subtraction, equals, not equals, greater
multiplication, and division. than, and less than.
27
OPERATOR PRECEDENCE
This table summarizes the operator precedence in Python, from highest to lowest, helping you understand how
expressions are evaluated.
OPERATOR TYPE EXAMPLE PRECEDENCE LEVEL
Parentheses () 1
Exponentiation ** 2
Multiplication * 3
Addition + 4
Subtraction - 4
28
PYTHON OBJECTS AND OPERATORS
CONCLUSION AND Q&A
SUMMARY AND QUESTIONS
In conclusion, we've explored Python objects and operators, highlighting their
types and functions. Now, let's move to any questions you might have.
29
