Name – Manya Singh
Class – x ‘A’
Roll no- 13
Subject- English Literatur
Internal signature-
External signature -
INDEX
SR NO TOPIC*
PAGE NO
1) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
2) JULIUS CAESAR 5-18
3) WITH THE PHOTOGRAPHER 19-24
4) HOUNTED HOUSES 25-28
5) BIBLOGRAPHY 29
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those
who have contributed to the completion of this project.
Firstly, I extend my deepest appreciation to Mr. Virendra
Philip Sir for project supervisor, for their invaluable
guidance, support, and encouragement throughout the
entire duration of this project. Their expertise and
constructive feedback have been instrumental in shaping the
direction and quality of this work.
thankyou
QUESTION -
DARW A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE
CHARACTER OF MARACUS BRUTUS AND
MARK ANTONY AS DEPICTED IN THE
DRAMA,
ANSWER –PROVIDE A ILLUSTRATION FROM
THE PLAY TObased
Shakespeare SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER :-
one of his
most powerful plays, The Tragedy
of Julius Caesar, on the life and
death of Julius Caesar. On
character e in particular, the
noble Brutus, is especially
significant to the plot. Based on
real men of the Roman world,
Caesar and Brutus reveal how
ambitious Romans vied for power.
Brutus is a high-ranking and
well-respected Roman,
husband to Portia , and one
of Caeser's murderers. Brutus
is torn between his personal
affection for Caesar and his
political ideals, which are
motivated by his abiding
loyalty to Rome . An
intelligent and self-possessed
Stoic, Brutus is respected by
friend and enemy alike—his
honorable nature causes
Caesar to question, “you too
brutus ? ” disbelief as Brutus
Early in his political career, Brutus
opposed pompey . who was responsible for
Brutus' father's death. He also was close to
Caesar. However, Caesar's attempts to evade
accountability in the law courts put him at
greater odds with his opponents in the Roman
elite and the senate . Brutus eventually came
to oppose Caesar and sided
with pompey against Caesar's forces during
the ensuing civil war Pompey was defeated at
the Battle of Pharsalus in 48, after which
Brutus surrendered to Caesar, who granted
him amnesty. Brutus took a leading role in
the assassination, which was carried out
Brutus is the most complex of the characters in
this play. He is proud for honor and nobleness,
but he is not always practical, and is often
naive. He is the only major character in the play
intensely committed to fashioning his behavior
to fit a strict moral and ethical code, but he
take actions that are unconsciously hypocritical.
One of the significant themes that
Shakespeare uses to enrich the complexity of
Brutus involves his attempt to ritualize the
assassination of Caesar. He cannot justify, to his
own satisfaction, the murder of a man who is a
friend and who has not excessively misused the
powers of his office. Consequently, thinking of
Unfortunately for him, he consistently
misjudges the people and the citizens of
Rome; he believes that they will be willing to
consider the assassination in abstract terms.
Brutus is guided in all things by his
concepts of honor. He speaks of them often
to Cassius, and he is greatly disturbed when
events force him to act in a manner
inconsistent with them. Consider his
anguish when he drinks a toast with Caesar
while wearing a false face to hide his
complicity in the conspiracy. Ironically, his
widely reputed honor is what causes
Cassius to make an all-out effort to bring
Brutus' reputation is so great that it will act
to convince others who are as yet undecided
to join. He is unable to see through
the roles being played by Cassius and . He
does not recognize the bogus letters as
having been sent by Cassius, although they
contain sentiments and diction that would
warn a more perceptive man He
underestimates Antony as an opponent, and
he loses control over the discussion at the
Capitol following the assassination by
meeting Antony's requests too readily.
Brutus as a naive thinker is most clearly
revealed in the scene in the Forum
and he leaves believing
that he has satisfied the
Roman citizens with his
reasoned oration. . He
does not realize that his
speech has only moved
the mob emotionally; it
has not prodded them to
make reasoned
assessments of what the
conspirators have done.
Brutus makes moral
decisions slowly, and he is
continually at war with
himself even after he has
Brutus' character is made even more
complex by his unconscious hypocrisy. He
has conflicting attitudes toward the
conspiracy, but he becomes more favorable
following his becoming a member of the
plot against Caesar. He attacks Cassius for
raising money dishonestly, yet he demands
a portion. Nevertheless, at the end, Brutus
is a man who nobly accepts his fate. He
dismisses the ghost of Caesar at Sardis. He
chooses personal honor over a strict
adherence to an abstract philosophy. He
reacts calmly and reasonably to Cassius'
death, as he had earlier in a moment of
crisis when Popilius revealed that the
. In his last
moments, he has the
satisfaction of being
certain in his own
mind that he has
been faithful to the
principles
embodying the honor
and nobility on
which he has placed
so much value
throughout his life.
MARK ANTONY
Antony is Caesar's close friend. He desires to
make Caesar king, and he brings about the
undoing of the conspirators after Caesar's
murder. Described as a passionate man who
loves art and music, and teased by Caesar
for staying out late at parties, Antony is the
opposite of the coldly logical Brutus. While
not perceptive enough to suspect the plot
against Caesar, his masterful speech to the
plebeians at Caesar’s funeral stirs up the
masses to mutiny. He then takes up an army
against Brutus and the other conspirators to
avenge Caesar’s death. Antony can be
devious when necessary, planning to cheat
ally Lepidus. It is the combination
of these qualities that make him a
better all-around politician—and
replacement for Caesar—than
either Brutus or Cassius. At the
end of the play, his army triumphs
over Brutus’s, yet he praises
Brutus as having been the noblest
of Romans After Caesar's
assassination in 44 BC, Antony
joined forces with Lepidus,
another of Caesar's generals,
and Octavian, Caesar's adopted
son, forming a three-man
dictatorship known to historians
Antony proves strong in all of the ways that
Brutus proves weak. His impulsive,
improvisatory nature serves him perfectly,
first to persuade the conspirators that he is
on their side, thus gaining their leniency, and
then to persuade the plebeians of the
conspirators’ injustice, thus gaining the
masses’ political support. Not too scrupulous
to stoop to deceit and duplicity, as Brutus
claims to be, Antony proves himself a
consummate politician, using gestures and
skilled rhetoric to his advantage. He responds
to subtle cues among both his nemeses and
his allies to know exactly how he must
conduct himself at each particular moment in
In both his eulogy for Caesar and the play as a
whole, Antony is adept at tailoring his words
and actions to his audiences’ desires. Unlike
Brutus, who prides himself on acting solely
with respect to virtue and blinding himself to
his personal concerns, Antony never separates
his private affairs from his public actions.
Antony manages to convince the conspirators
that he should be allowed to speak at Caesar's
funeral. In the famous speech that begins,
"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your
ears" Antony delivers a carefully crafted
eulogy that's designed to turn the people
against the conspirators and launch him into a
position of power.
The success of
Antony's speech
suggests that
effective leadership
goes hand in hand
with rhetoric
because, after
Antony finishes
talking, all hell
breaks loose and
civil war ensues,
which is exactly
what Antony
intended.
QUESTIO
N2
DISCRIBE THE VARIOUS THEME
REPRESENTATING THE STORY “WITH THE
PHOTOGRAPHER”
ANSWER
The story ‘With the Photographer’ is taken
from a literary collection by Stephen
Leacock, titled ‘Behind the Beyond, and
other Contribution to Human Knowledge’.
The author wants to give his photo to his
friends, as a means to remember him after
his death. However, the purpose is defeated
when the photographer alters the photo to
make it look better but it results in being
different from the author’s appearance.
The story ‘With the Photographer’
conveys the theme of original self and
distorted self. It also gives a message of
acceptance and confidence.
While the author is at the studio, waiting
for his turn, he reads a few magazines
which carry photos of models. This
creates a sense of inferiority and
perfectionism in the author. He also
makes efforts to improvise his photo
whereas initially, he just wanted a photo
for his friends, as his memory. The harsh
comments of the photographer awaken
the author, he respects God’s creation
The author, Stephen is forty years old at the
time of this incidence. He wants to get a
photograph of his, to be given to his friends, as
a memory to remember him after his death.
With this aim, he visits a photographer. The dull,
stooping man asks the author to wait and he is
kept waiting for an hour. He reads various
magazines in the meantime. On being called, he
is asked to sit on a stool. The photographer pulls
a huge camera and gets inside it. He is not
satisfied with what he sees and so he comes out
and removes all the curtains with a rod, perhaps
to get more light and air inside the room. He
goes back into the machine and stays for
sometime and the author thinks that perhaps he
He exits the machine with a serious expression
and comments that the author’s face is wrong
and it would be better if it were more chubby.
The author gets hurt by such words, agrees with
the man and adds that even the photographer’s
face would look better if it were more chubby.
He adds that many faces are such that they will
look better if they are wider, larger and huge.
The photographer goes on to hold the author’s
face in his hands, as if to kiss him, he then
twists it as far he can and says that the head is
not appreciable. He goes inside the machine,
asks the author to open the mouth and then to
close it. Then he comments that the ears are
bad too. He makes the author droop the ears,
. Now, as the man has clicked a photo, the author
wants to have a look but is asked to return on
Saturday because the photographer has to
develop the negative and make a proof. On the
designated day, the photographer shows him a
proof of his photograph which does not resemble
the author. On being asked, the photographer
reveals that he has used his drawing and a few
techniques to improve the photo so that it looks
better. The author is disheartened because all he
wanted was a photo which looked like him. He
says that the photograph was a masterpiece of the
photographer’s skills and he must keep it to show
to his family and friends. As for the author, it is a
worthless thing. With this he leaves the studio,
teary eyed.
QUESTION 3
WRITE THE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE
POEM , HOUNTED HOUSES
ANSWER
The poem wants the readers to go deep into the
existence of ghosts and their purpose. They are
harmless, unlike the common perception and they
have their tasks. The poet takes the form of a
speaker, perhaps a ghost himself who can see ghosts
roaming in the houses where they once lived. He
wants to give the indication that the dead remain
with their dwelling places forever. The living world
can also think that their beloved remains with them,
maybe as ghosts. Perhaps, those whom we want to
remain with us forever, remain with us as ghosts.
The poet wants to convey that ghosts are harmless
and they visit their dwelling places where they once
The speaker says that all houses are
frequented by ghosts of those who were born
there, lived there and died there. They enter
through open doors and do their work while
they move around lightly, without making any
noise. The speaker comes across them at
various places in the house – the stairs, the
passage way and at the doors. They cannot be
seen or heard but their impressions are there
in the air. Even at dinner parties, there are
more attendants than the people invited by
the host. These are the ghosts that are
present at the dinner table. Perhaps the
speaker is a ghost because he can see other
ghosts while the stranger sitting beside him,
he speaker is one of the ghosts and he
says that the ghosts do not own the
houses where they visit but they
owned them when they were alive.
Now they are buried and forgotten by
their off springs. So they stretch their
hands to grab their houses back and
they do not want to give them away to
their kids The world of ghosts is like
an atmosphere which is wrapped
around the world of the living. The
human life is full of desire to enjoy
and achieve, this predicament gives a
balance between input and output.
The moonlight is like a bridge which
connects the two worlds. At night
time, the moonlight gives us dreams
and imaginations which guide us to do
BIBLOGRAPHY
https://www.successcds.net
https://.wikipedia.org
