Presentation Title ： Smart Meter Communication
Team Name
SANCHAAR
Presenter-1 Presenter-2 Presenter-3
PROJECT – SMART METER COMMUNICATION
Anurag Verma (Team Leader) Vipin Vyas (Member) Anindita Das (Member)
SMG SMG MMG
32nd Chapter Convention on Quality Concepts by QCFI Rourkela Chapter 1
1
WHAT IS A METER ?
An electricity meter/ Energy meter/ kilowatt-hour meter is a device
that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a
business, or an electrically powered device over a time interval.
Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers' premises for
billing and monitoring purposes. They are typically calibrated in
billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour (kWh).
They are usually read once each billing period.
ELECTRO MECHANICAL METER
An electric meter is a device used to measure the
amount of electricity consumed by a consumer.
They are also known as electricity meters or energy
meters. Electric meters are installed in the
consumer’s premises by the electricity distribution
utilities.
The customers are charged by the utility based on
electricity consumed. Generally electricity is
measured in kWh (kilowatt hour), which is denoted
as one unit.
SMART METER – AMI INFRA
• A smart meter with Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI) is a digital device that
records and communicates energy consumption
data to a utility company
• . The AMI system allows for two-way
communication between the smart meter
and the utility company, eliminating the need
for manual meter readings
Smart Meter Components
Meter
Relay Status Seal
UP Button
Meter Display Down Button
Meter Number Optical Port
Network Status LED
Meter NIC
Tx/Rx Status LED
NETWORK LED INDICATIONS TX / RX LED INDICATIONS
Sr.
Network Status LED TX/RX Status LED
Status No Status
Indication Indication
.
No SIM Card 1 ON Power ON or IDLE
1 OFF
Network not available 2 Blink (1s ON / 1s OFF) Meter to NIC Connection Fail
Blink (0.2s ON / 0.2s
ON / Blink (1.8s OFF / 0.2s 3 Remote Communication running
2 OK OFF)
ON)
Main Components of Smart Meter
A Electricity Measurement
Metering System
B Communication Module
NIC Card
C Load Control
Smart Meter
Latching Relay
D Secure Data Exchange
DLMS Communication Protocol
WORKING OF SMART METER
VOLTAGE SENSOR
• Voltage dividers/ PTs measures voltage
For e.g.
• The ZMPT101B is a voltage sensor that is often used in smart meters:
Accuracy
• The ZMPT101B is a single-phase AC voltage sensor that can measure up to 250 volts with high accuracy
Transformer-based
• The ZMPT101B uses a transformer-based system with a primary and secondary part
Analog output
• The ZMPT101B's output is analog, which is then converted to digital using an analog to digital converter
Operating temperature
• The ZMPT101B can operate in temperatures ranging from 40°C to +70°C
CURRENT SENSOR
• Sensors like CTs or Shunt resistors are used to measure the current
•Hall Effect Sensors: Detect the magnetic field created by the current
and produce a proportional voltage output
•Shunt Resistors: Measure current by detecting the voltage drop across a resistor
•Current Transformer (CT): Converts the primary current into a smaller secondary current
•Magnetometer: A contactless current sensor that uses a magnetic sensor to compute power
consumption
MUX
Smart meters use a variety of current sensors to measure the amount of current
flowing through the meter , which is used to calculate power usage and energy
consumption:
•Hall Effect Sensors: Detect the magnetic field created by the current
and produce a proportional voltage output
•Shunt Resistors: Measure current by detecting the voltage drop across a resistor
•Current Transformer (CT): Converts the primary current into a smaller secondary current
•Magnetometer: A contactless current sensor that uses a magnetic sensor to compute
power consumption
ADC
• Voltage & Current are analog signals, which needs to be converted into a digital form.
• ADC converts them into digital value.
• It also ensures, real-time data acquisition for accurate calculation.
MICROPROCESSOR
Smart meters use microcontrollers and other electronic components to measure energy consumption (E= P*t),
Store data in Non volatile memory storage(EEP), send the processed data to Network Interference Card(NIC
Card)
Here are some microcontrollers used in smart meters:
•RL78/I1C
This microcontroller has features like hardware security functions,
enhanced event link controller, and phase adjustment functions.
It also has a 24-bit Δ∑ A/D converter module and a
10-bit sequential-transformation power data A/D converter module.
•MCF51EM256
This 32-bit ColdFire® V1 core microcontroller has an embedded LCD controller,
16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and metrology-specific peripherals.
It also comes with hardware and software tools for development
Functional block diagram of a three-phase
microcontroller-based energy meter
Functional block diagram of the AD7750 in a
typical application measuring single-phase real
power.
WORKING OF SMART METER
WHAT IS IP IN SMART METERS ?
• The IP rating system classifies the degree of protection an
electrical enclosure has against dust, dirt, moisture, and solid
objects.
• The rating is expressed as two digits, with the first digit
indicating protection against solids and the second digit
indicating protection against liquids
IP RATINGS AS PER NUMBERING
FOR IP XX
FOR THE FIRST 0 TO 6 DIGITS( LOW TO HIGH PROTECTION)
0 – NO PROTECTION
1 – ANY LARGE SURFACE OF THE BODY ( > 50 MM LENGTH )
2 – FINGER OR SIMILAR OBJECTS ( 88 MM LENGTH )
3 – TOOLS, THICK WIRES ETC ( > 2.5 MM LENGTH )
4 – SLENDER SCREWS , LARGE ANTS ( > 1 MM LENGTH
5 – DUST PREVENTED
6 – DUST TIGHT ( COMPELTE PROTECTION AGAINST CONTANCT )
IP RATINGS AS PER NUMBERING
FOR IP XX
FOR THE SECOND 0 TO 6 DIGITS( LOW TO HIGH PROTECTION)
0 – NO PROTECTION
1 – DRIPPING WATER
2 – DRIPPING WATER WHEN TILTLED AT 15
3 – SRAYING WATER
IN GENERAL TPWODL USES IP55
DIFFERTENT TYPES OF SMART METERS
TROUBLESHOOTING AND COMMUNICATION ERRORS
• RSSI _ received signal strength Indicator
CODE :-
XX-XX 12-35
GUIDELINES
• FOR SINGLE PHASE HPL
NIC 00 = NIC FAULTY
NIC 01 = NIC ERROR
NIC 02 = NIC ERROR
NIC 03 = NIC LATCHING WITH HES SERVER
NIC 04 All OK METER COMMUNICATING
GUIDELINES
NIC 00
• FOR 3 PHASE HPL NIC 08 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 09 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 00 ALL OK
• NIC 01 NIC 10 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 01 NIC ERROR NIC 11 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
• NIC 01 NIC 12 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 02 NIC ERROR NIC 13 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 03 SIM ERROR NIC 14 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
..
NIC 04 SIM ERROR ..
NIC 05 SIM ERROR ..
..
NIC 06 SIM ERROR
NIC 07 SIM ERROR NIC 98 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
COMMUNICATING FOR HPL
• 1 PHASE • 3 PHASE
NIC – 03,04 NIC – 00
RSSI – 12-35 RSSI – 12-35
GUIDELINES
NIC 00
• FOR 1PH 3 PHASE GENUS NIC 08 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 09 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 00 ALL OK
• NIC 01 NIC 10 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 01 NIC ERROR NIC 11 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
• NIC 01 NIC 12 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 02 NIC ERROR NIC 13 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
NIC 03 SIM ERROR NIC 14 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
..
NIC 04 SIM ERROR ..
NIC 05 SIM ERROR ..
..
NIC 06 SIM ERROR
NIC 07 SIM ERROR NIC 98 INTERNAL DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEM
COMMUNICATING FOR GENUS
• 1 PHASE • 3 PHASE
ERR – 00 ERR - 00
RSSI – 12-35 RSSI – 12-35
ON SITE ANALYSIS OF SMART METER
• FOR RSSI 12 – 35 COMM
IF THE FIRST 2 DIGITS IS IN BETWEEN 12 – 30 COMM
IF THE FIRST 2 DIGITS IS ABOVE 30 – COMM
IF THE FIRST 2 DIGITS IS BELOW 12 – NON COMM
ON SITE REPORTING ANALYSIS -COMMUNICATION
• FOR HPL 1 PHASE
press the push button for ’56’ times
• FOR HPL 3 PHASE-WC / LTCT
press the down button for approximately ’3’ times
• FOR GENUS 1PHASE-3 PHASE -WC / LTCT
hold the down button for approximately ’30’ secs , it will be converted to Test
mode, and Error code and RSSI will be shown
NIC CARD
JNE’s Network Interface Card ( NIC ) Module is
ready to use solution metering using the
onboard RA2E 1/32 Pin ARM MCU CHIP
( RA2E1- 48 MHz Arm Cortex M23 Entry Leve
General Purpose Microcontroller ) .
NIC is an extend communication card in smart
meter .
NIC can easily integrate with electricity meters
of 1 phase and 3 phase and leverage any
available network to form a highly resilient
network for the utility .
They provide 2 way wireless functionality ,
remote data acquisition , meter program
management and real time alerts for meter
tampering and outages to Utilities
NIC CARD CONFIGURATION AND MECHANISM
ONBOARD MCU CAN HANDLES MULTIPLE COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
SUPPORT MULTIPLE 4G/GPRS COMM MODULES
SUPPORT IPV6 NETWORK ADDRESSING
SUPPORT PUSH THE DATA AT CONFIGURED INTERVAS TO THE HES
SECURE COMMUNICATION TO THE HES
PROGRAMMBLE DATA ACQUISIITION FREQUENCY
SUPPORT FIRMWARE (FOTA ) UPGRADATION
LAYOUT OF EC200N-CN MICROCONTROLLER
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM OF EC200N-CN
PIN DIAGRAM
OPERATING MODES
POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUIT OF POWER SUPPLY
PIN DEFINITION OF SIM INTERFACE
CIRCUIT OF SIM CARD CONNECTOR
SLEEP MODE CONTROL
WAKEUP_IN CONTROL
COMM STATUS IN EC_200CN
IDENTICATION STATUS
RESET
TYPES OF SMART METER
• FOR SINGLE PHASE CONSUMER
a metering technique used for low tension (LT) consumers
WHOLE CURRENT METER ( < 5 KW)
• FOR THREE PHASE CONSUMER
a metering technique used for high tension (HT) consumers
WHOLE CURRENT METER ( 5KW – 20 KW)
LOW TENSION CURRENT TRANSFORMER ( 20KW – 70KW)
HTTV
FOR SINGLE PHASE CONSUMER
WHOLE CURRENT ENERGY METER
(LOWER THAN 5KW)
FOR 3 PHASE CONSUMER
LTCT METER
(20KW – 70KW )
EXTRENAL CT IS THERE
100/5A
200/5A
FOR 3 PHASE CONSUMER
HTTV METER
FOR 11 KV :-
JOINED PT IS USED
FOR 33 KV :-
A PT IS USED
TESTING OF SMART METER
• STARTING CURRENT RUNNING AT NO LOAD
Meter should start registering energy at 0.2% basis current at unity power factor and first pulse must be appeared
with 10 minutes lie time between 2 consecutive pulses running at no load
• NO LOAD TEST
purpose of the test to make sure that the Energy registor is not start counting without the flow of load current , The
current taken from eg. The internal power supply shall not cause the meter to start registry Energy
• METER CONSTANT TEST
when doing a register test , you inject a certain amount of energy to the meter, Then you count the no. of pulses
revolution and compare the increment of the meter energy register . For Electronic Energy meter they have digital
energy data acquisition , All the electronic energy meter must have a metrological pulse output typically an
illuminated output . Each flashes of the diode representation certain quality of energy when you find your meter
name Plate the 1000 ikw/W=h , you know the each LED flash is equivalent to the consumption of 1 Wh
TESTING OF SMART METER
• SOME TYPES OF TEMPERATURE TESTS THAT CAN BE PERFORMED ON SMART METERS:
• Dry heat test
• Simulates storage and transit conditions by subjecting the meter to extreme temperatures while it's not operating.
The meter should be tested at a temperature of +70ºC ± 2ºC for 72 hours.
• Cold test
• Simulates extreme temperatures by subjecting the meter to a temperature of -25ºC ± 3ºC for 72 hours while it's not
operating.
• Damp heat cyclic test
• Determines if the meter's components and equipment can be used or stored in conditions of high humidity and
cyclic temperature changes. This test also serves as a corrosion test.
TESTING OF SMART METER
• Tamper tests to detect magnetic tampering or a cover being opened can use a
variety of sensors and switches, including:
• Hall-effect sensors
• These sensors can detect magnetic tampering by sensing the magnetic flux density.
When a magnet is near the sensor, the magnetic flux density increases, which
triggers the sensor to indicate tampering. Hall-effect sensors are low power and
can also detect the strength of external magnetic fields
ON SITE REPORTING ANALYSIS - INSTALLATION
• Replacement of static meter with smart meter
• Adding a new connection to the consumer
• Replacement of the faulty meter in place of default meter
• Resolving conflicts and complaints
Replacement of static meter with smart meter
SOME IMPORTANT POINTS
IN LTCT INTEGRATED CT/PT IS USED FOR MEASUREMENT
STEPDOWN TRANSFORMER IS USED FOR STEPPING DOWN 11KV
LINE TO 110V AND BACK TO CONSUMER
A LTCT IS USED TO MEASURE THE POWER CONSUMPTION OF LOADS
Thank You!
53
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