UNIT - I
Dr. M. Narasimha Raju,
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering,
Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women(A),
Vishnupur, Bhimavaram – 534202.
What is a Program?
A program is a set of instructions instructing a computer to do specific tasks.
“Software” is a generic term used to describe computer programs. Scripts,
applications, programs, and instructions are often used to describe software.
The software can be categorized into three categories:
System software includes device drivers, operating systems
(OSs), compilers, disk formatters, text editors and utilities
helping the computer to operate more efficiently. System
software serves as a base for application software. It is also
responsible for managing hardware components.
Programming software is a set of tools to aid developers in writing programs.
The various tools available are compilers, linkers, debuggers, interpreters and
text editors.
Application software is intended to perform certain tasks. Examples of
application software include office suites, gaming applications, database
systems and educational software. Application software can be a single program
or a collection of small programs. This type of software is what consumers most
typically think of as “Software.”
Python Overview
Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object oriented-scripting
language.
Python was designed to be highly readable which uses English keywords
frequently where as other languages use punctuation and it has fewer
syntactical constructions than other languages.
Python is Interpreted: This means that it is processed at runtime by the
interpreter and you do not need to compile your program before executing it.
This is similar to PERL and PHP.
Python is Interactive: This means that you can actually sit at a Python
prompt and interact with the interpreter directly to write your programs.
Python is Object-Oriented: This means that Python supports Object-
Oriented style or technique of programming that encapsulates code within
objects.
Python is Beginner's Language: Python is a great language for the beginner
programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications,
from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games.
Compiling and interpreting
Many languages require you to compile (translate) your program into a
form that the machine understands.
compile execute
source code byte code output
Hello.java Hello.class
Python is instead directly interpreted into machine instructions.
interpret
source code output
Hello.py
History of Python
Python was developed by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early
nineties at the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer
Science in the Netherlands.
Python is derived from many other languages, including ABC, Modula-3, C,
C++, Algol-68, SmallTalk, and Unix shell and other scripting languages.
Python is copyrighted, Like Perl, Python source code is now available under
the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Python is now maintained by a core development team at the institute,
although Guido van Rossum still holds a vital role in directing it's progress.
Python Features
Easy-to-learn: Python has relatively few keywords, simple structure, and a
clearly defined syntax.
Easy-to-read: Python code is much more clearly defined and visible to the
eyes.
Easy-to-maintain: Python's success is that its source code is fairly easy-to-
maintain.
A broad standard library: One of Python's greatest strengths is the bulk of
the library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows,
and Macintosh.
Interactive Mode: Support for an interactive mode in which you can enter
results from a terminal right to the language, allowing interactive testing and
debugging of snippets of code.
Python Features Cont…
Portable: Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the
same interface on all platforms.
Extendable: You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These
modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more
efficient.
Databases: Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.
GUI Programming: Python supports GUI applications that can be created
and ported to many system calls, libraries, and windows systems, such as
Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.
Scalable: Python provides a better structure and support for large programs
than shell scripting.
Python Environment
Unix (Solaris, Linux, FreeBSD, AIX, HP/UX, SunOS, IRIX etc.)
Win 9x/NT/2000
Macintosh (PPC, 68K)
OS/2
DOS (multiple versions)
PalmOS
Nokia mobile phones
Windows CE
Acorn/RISC OS
BeOS
Amiga
VMS/OpenVMS
QNX
VxWorks
Psion
Python has also been ported to the Java and .NET virtual machines.
Thrust Areas of Python
Python is a top marketable professional skill known for its simplicity and
developer friendliness and it is fastest-growing major programming
language.
Since 2003, Python has been consistently ranked in the top ten most popular
programming languages.
As of April 2018, Python is ranked at 4th position by the TIOBE
Programming Community Index.
Python is ranked at first position by IEEE Spectrum ranking of top
programming languages for the year 2017 (FIGURE 1.4).
In RedMonk Programming language rankings Python listed at the third
position for the year 2018.
Database Connectors/ORM/NoSQL
Academia (Top universities)
Connectors (MySQL, PosrgreSQL)
Scientific Tools (Scientific packages
Web Frameworks (Django and Flask)
like-scipy, numpy, jupiter and matplotlib)
Cloud Computing
Machine Learning
Python Distributions (Anaconda,
Natural Language Processing (NLTK)
Enthought Canopy Express)
Data Analysis
IDE Available (Pycharm)
Statistics
Community (Recommendations)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Python Stack in Industry (Paypay,
Library (urlib.request)
ebay, NASA etc..)
Installing Anaconda Python Distribution
The steps described here work on the Windows 10 OS.
Step 1: Go to the link https://www.continnum.io/downloads. You have the option
to download the 32-bit or the 64-bit version of either Python 2.7 or Python 3.6
supported Anaconda distribution.
Step 2: Click on the executable file of Anaconda Python distribution which you
have downloaded and the setup screen will start loading.
Step 3: You will get a welcome screen as shown in FIGURE 1.5. Click on Next
button.
Step 4: You will get a License Agreement Screen, read the licensing terms and
click on I Agree button.
Step 5: Assuming that you are the only user on your system, select Just Me
radio button (FIGURE 1.6). Click on Next button.
Step 6: You need to choose a location to install Anaconda Python distribution.
The default installation will be under Users folder. Change the destination folder
to C:\Anaconda3 to install Anaconda and click on Next button (FIGURE 1.7).
Step 8: This starts the installation of Anaconda Python Distribution and once the
installation is complete, click on Next button.
Step 9: Finish the setup by clicking on Finish button.
Step 10: To check whether the installation is working properly or not, go to the
command prompt and type python. You should see a series of lines and a prompt
as shown in FIGURE 1.9. This is Python Interactive mode. Here, the three
greater-than signs “>>>” is the primary prompt of the interactive mode.
Installing PyCharm IDE to Set Up a Python Development Environment
PyCharm is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) used for Python
programming language. It is developed by the Czech company JetBrains. It
provides code analysis, a graphical debugger, an integrated unit tester,
integration with version control systems and supports web development with
Django web framework.
The steps described here works on the Windows 10 OS.
Step 1: Go to the link https://www.jetbrains.com/PyCharm/download/. You
have the option to download either the PyCharm Professional Edition or the
PyCharm Community Edition.
Step 2: Click on the executable file which you have downloaded. You will be
presented with the PyCharm Community Edition Setup screen. Click on Next
button.
Step 3: Now you will be presented with Choose Install Location screen. Go with
the default destination folder to install PyCharm Community Edition. Click on
Next button.
Step 4: Select all the check boxes in the Installation Options screen except for
the 32-bit launcher check box (since Windows 10 is a 64-bit OS, you don’t need
32-bit launcher) and click on Next (FIGURE 1.10).
Step 5: Go with the default Start Menu Folder as shown on the screen and click
on Install button. It will take some time for the installation to finish. Once the
installation is done click on the Finish button.
Step 6: You will be asked whether you want to import previous PyCharm
settings. Since we are starting on a clean slate, let’s select the second radio button
as shown in FIGURE 1.11 and click on OK button.
Step 7: You will be prompted with a Windows Security Alert. Do not worry
about it. Click on Allow Access Button. Next screen will be Python community
edition initial configuration. Let the default settings remain as it is and click on
OK button. After you have completed initial PyCharm configuration, a
customization screen will be displayed as shown in FIGURE 1.12; click on Skip
Remaining and Set Defaults button.
Step 8: In the next screen, click on Configure pull down list and select Settings
option as shown in FIGURE 1.13.
Step 9: In the Default Settings screen, on the left pane, click on Project
Interpreter as shown in FIGURE 1.14.
On the right pane, in the Project Interpreter option, click on the button having
toothed wheel icon and select Add. In the Add Python Interpreter screen, on the
left pane, click on System Interpreter and select the Python interpreter path from
the Interpreter pull down list as shown in FIGURE 1.15. Click on OK button.
Step 10: It will take some time to list all the packages. Once done click on OK
button.
Step 11: You will be again presented with the Welcome screen as shown in
FIGURE 1.13. Now, to work with PyCharm IDE, click on Create New Project
option. In the next section, steps to create and execute Python program are
discussed in detail.
How to install python 3.12.4 on windows
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eO6JT6MSpyY
k Yo u
Th a n
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