PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID TO

ASISST PATIENT
Dr. Angel Mtika
 5.8.3 APPLY PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID TO ASISST PATIENT

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this session, students are expected to be able to:
• Define first Aid
• Define first Aid kit
• List items in a first Aid kit and their uses
• Prepare first Aid kit
• Outline procedure for providing first aid to a person with
Clothing on fire
 hazardous material splashed in eye
 Minor cuts and puncture wound
 Chemical spill on body
 Snake and insects bite
 Drowning
 Activity: brainstorming

• What is first Aid ?

• What is first aid kit?
 DEFINITIONS
A) FIRST AID
Is the immediate assistance or treatment given to
someone injured or suddenly taken ill before the arrival
of Health care providers
OR
Immediate care given to a person who has been
injured until he / she is taken to health facility .

B) FIRST AID KIT

is a box that holds all of the equipment,medications,and
cleansing solutions you will need to give first aid to your
self or someone else.
 Activity: brainstorming

What are the items in a first Aid kit and their

uses?
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
• First aid manual.
The manual will help you know how to treat
wounds,sprains,bites and other health
common issues.
. Tweezers.
Can be used to remove debris such as glass, dirt
or splinters from the wound’
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
cont.....
.Alcohol swabs.
Are used to clean the infected or wounded area
before bandage are placed on the area.
.Antibiotic ointment .
Helps to keep infection out of wound and
proper healing of wound area.
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
cont.....
• Bandages
Used to support a gauze pad after placing in the
wound, also used for arm sling
• Gauze pads
Used to cover a wound and to absorb blood
• Medical tape.
Used to secure gauze pads
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
cont......
• Elastic bandages
Helps to keep sprained joint immobile and
reduce swelling, this can be wrapped around
ankles,knees,wrists and elbows until you can
get to a doctor.
.Pain relievers
Used to relieve minor aches and pains
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
cont......
• Scissors.
Used for cutting gauze or bandage
• Tissue forceps.
helps for holding tissue in case of bleeding or
stitching.
• Disposable non-latex gloves, such as surgical or
examination gloves.
Uses for wearing or protect the hand from
being infected.
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
cont......
• Flashlight, with extra batteries in a separate
bag.
Uses for lighting in case of dark
• Pen and writing pad.
Uses for keeping records
. Emergency blanket.
Uses for covering casualty
 Items in a first Aid kit and their uses
cont......

• Thermometer. Used for measuring body

temperature
• Barrier devices, such as a mask or face shield.
Used for covering the mouth and nose.
First Aid Kit example
PROCEDURE OF PROVIDING FIRST AID TO A PERSON WITH CLOTHING ON FIRE

• Remove casualty from fire or fire from the

casualty
• If the casualty clothes are burning put out the fire
by rolling the casualty on the ground
• Reduce the speed of heat in the tissues and
alleviate pain by placing the part gentle under
running water or amercing the part in cool water
• Remove anything in constrictive nature e.g. ring
belts, boots e.tc before the parts start to swell.
 PROCEDURE OF PROVIDING FIRST AID TO A
PERSON WITH CLOTHING ON FIRE CONT ......
• Cover the part with dressing(clean material) to
prevent infection
• Immobilize the badly burned limb
• Give small cold drinks at frequent intervals for
conscious patient
• Anything that doesn’t adhere to the skin
surface should be removed but never remove
the cloth if adheres
PROCEDURE OF PROVIDING FIRST AID TO A
PERSON WITH CLOTHING ON FIRE CONT ......
• Wrap or bandages surface separately and
place pads between the arm and trunk to
avoid much injury after the burn
• If the eyes are burned should be cleaned with
cool or cold water leave the blister without
pricking or touching to avoid infection
• Let the casualty continue lying down as
waiting for transportation to the hospital
PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING FIRST AID TO A PERSON WITH HAZARDAOUS
MATERIALS SPLASHED IN EYE

>Immediately rinse eyeball and inner surface of

eyelid with water continuously for 15 minutes.
>Forcibly hold eye open to ensure effective wash
behind eyelids.
>Obtain medical attention.
>Report incident to supervisor
 PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING FIRST AID TO A PERSON WITH CHEMICAL SPILL ON BODY

• Flood exposed area with running water from

faucet or safety shower for at least 5 minutes.
• Remove contaminated clothing at once.
• Make sure chemical has not accumulated in
shoes.
• Obtain medical attention, if necessary.
• Report incident to supervisor.
 PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING FIRST AID TO A PERSON WITH MINOR CUTS
AND PUNCTURE WOUNDS

• Wash your hands with soap and water

• Stop bleeding ;apply pressure to the injured area with a clean cloth,
paper towel or piece of gauze to stop bleeding
• Clean the wound ,wash the cut thoroughly with mild soap and water
• Inspect for debris ,for puncture wounds look but do not poke inside
for objects inside the wound ,if object is found or suspected to be
inside do not remove it
• Apply antibiotic ointment and dressing to reduce the chance of
infection
• Cove the wound with a clean bandage that will not stick to the
wound
• Seek further medical help ,
 First aid to a patient with snake bite

• Keep the person calm and still to slow the spread of

venom
• Remove any constricting items such as jewelry or tight
clothing from the affected limb
• Do not disturb the bite sites (do not cut or sack venom
from the wound or apply tourniquet
• Immobilize the person and the wound as much as
possible
• Seek for further meadical help
 Fisrt aid to a patient with insect bite
• Remove the stinger as quick as possible
• Wash the area with soap and warm water
• Apply a small amount of antibiotic cream or
gel if there are known allergies or sensitivities
• Apply cold pack to the site
• Monitor breathing,responsiveness and signs
of shock
 First aid to patient recovered from
drowning
• Call for emergency help
• Check for breathing and conciousness,if they
are not breathing start CPR according to CPR
guidelines
• Remove wet clothing and provide warmth
• When the victim starts to show signs of life such
as breathing or movement place them in a
recovery position
• Seek futher meadical help
 Key points

. FIRST AID Is the immediate assistance or treatment

given to someone injured or suddenly taken ill before
the arrival of Health care providers
OR, Immediate care given to a person who has been
injured until he / she is taken to health facility
. FIRST AID KIT
is a box that holds all of the
equipment,medications,and cleansing solutions you
will need to give first aid to your self or someone else.
 Review questions
• Define first Aid
• Define first Aid kit
• List items in a first Aid kit and their uses
• Outline procedure for providing first aid to a
person with
>Clothing on fire
>hazardous material splashed in eye
>Minor cuts and puncture wound
>Chemical and biological spill on body
 References
• https://www.mayoclinic.org
• Red cross-anatomy of a first aid kit
• America heart association guidelines for
cardiopulmonary resustation and emergency
(2005)
• Cardiovascular care (2005)
Thank you