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Conduction

Conduction is the transfer of heat through solids, primarily occurring in metals due to the presence of free electrons. An experiment comparing thermal conductivity of different materials demonstrates that faster heat transfer indicates better conductivity. The mechanisms of conduction involve atomic/molecular vibrations in all solids and free electron movement in metals.

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zara.hshamsiii
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10 views7 pages

Conduction

Conduction is the transfer of heat through solids, primarily occurring in metals due to the presence of free electrons. An experiment comparing thermal conductivity of different materials demonstrates that faster heat transfer indicates better conductivity. The mechanisms of conduction involve atomic/molecular vibrations in all solids and free electron movement in metals.

Uploaded by

zara.hshamsiii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conduction o

Group #01
Zara, Afaf, Rida Rashid,
Fatima
What is
Conduction?
Conduction is the transfer of heat through a
substance without the movement of a
substance itself.

Occurs in: Solids (mostly metals)

Key points:
• Heat flows from hot to cold
• Requires direct contact
Experiment-
Good vs Bad
Conductors
Objective: To compare thermal conductivity
of diff erent materials.

Materials: Metal rod, plastic rod, wax, pins,


heat source

Method:
• Stick pins on each rod using wax
• Heat one end of both rods
• Observe how fast the pins fall off

Conclusion: The faster the pin falls, the better


the conductor
In Insulators (non metals) :
• Heat transferred by vibration of
atoms
• Vibrations pass from one atom to
the next

Atomic/
Molecular
Slow process:
• Due to limited interaction between
atoms

Vibrations
No Free Electrons:
Insulators lack free electrons, so heat
transfer depends on slow electrons
only on slow particle vibrations,
making them poor conductors of heat
In Conductors (metals) :
• Free electrons move through the
struture
• Carry enert quickly from hot to cold
areas

Free Faster conduction than Insulators:

Electrons in More free electrons = better conductor

Metals
e.g copper > iron

Dual Role of Free Electrons:


Free electrons in metals serve a dual role
in thermal and electrical conductivity.
Their mobility enables rapid heat transfer
through the metal lattice, making metals
effective heat conductors.
Summary
• Conduction is the transfer of heat
through solids
• • Metals conduct better due to free
electrons
• • Experiments can compare materials
based on how fast heat travels
• • Two mechanisms:
• • Atomic/molecular vibrations (in all
solids)
• • Free electrons (in metals only)
Thank you
very
much!

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