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Ballot paper voting E-voting

What is E-voting?
Definition
E-voting is the use of electronic means to cast , record and count votes
in an election referendum .It replaces or supplements traditional paper-
based voting system .
Some Countries Using E-voting
Estonia India Brazil United States Bangladesh
 1960
Punch Card

1980
Optical scan
And
Touch Screen

2000
Internet Voting /
Online voting

2020
Advance Internet
Voting and hybrid
system
• Current Situation of e-voting

 In Bangladesh there are about 7.8 million expatriates .

 E-voting has been introduced in Bangladesh on a trail basis.
 The election commission (EC) focus on providing e-voting access to
expatriate votes
 Most political parties in Bangladesh don’t want to conduct the
upcoming election using EVM .Due to security concern and lack
machine monitoring .
 If transparency , efficiency and security are ensured and there is
political and public acceptance , e-voting can be successfully
implemented as any time to align with international standards .
Exploring E-Voting Methodologies

Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) Voting

Secure, stand-alone machines for direct ballot entry and storage .

Online / Internet Voting

Remote participation via secure web portals, increasing accessibility .

Postal Voting with Electronic Verification

Combines traditional postal ballots with digital verification, as seen w
Bangladeshi expatriate voters.

Biometric EVM
Enhanced security through biometric authentication (e.g.,
fingerprint) integrated into electronic voting machines.
Country Types of E-voting Status/usage Remarks
India Biometric EVM Nation wide “It is being used in all
elections and is very
successful”

Estonia Internet Voting Nation wide “Leading the way on

(I-voting) online voting system
since 2005”

USA DRE and optical scan Mixed (Some states ) “Safety-related

controversy exists”
Brazil DRE machines Nation wide “Known for publishing
results quickly”

Bangladesh Biometric EVM “Used in some “It is abolish for the

( Partial ) elections” next election”
 Importance and Benefits of E-Voting

1. Faster & Efficient

Quick vote counting
Reduces manual work load
2. Accuracy
Minimizes human errors
More reliable results
3. Accessibility
Voter can cast votes remotely
Easier for elderly and disabled citizens
4.Transparency and trust
More transparent process
Less change of manipulation
 Legal and institutional frame work
1.Legal Framework
⇨Strong laws and policies required
⇨Ensure data privacy and cyber security
⇨Election Commission needs clear legal authority
2. Institutional Framework
⇨Technical experts → system development & maintenance
⇨Awareness programs→ educate citizens about e-voting
⇨Cyber security agencies → protection from hacking
⇨Election Commission → central authority
3. International Standards
⇨Follow UN & EU guidelines
⇨Adopt best practices from developed countries
🎯 Conclusion
⇨ E-Voting makes elections fast, fair, and future-
ready
⇨A strong legal and institutional framework is
essential for success
Limitations of E-voting in Bangladesh

Digital Divide Cybersecurity Risks High Costs

Unequal access to technology Threats of hacking and data Significant investment is
creates significant barriers to manipulation pose serious required for both
widespread adoption. security challenges. implementation and ongoing
maintenance.

Transparency Concerns Lack of Public Awareness

Doubts persist regarding the Limited understanding and

integrity and verifiability of trust hinder broader
election results. acceptance among the
populace.
Key Challenges of E-Voting in Bangladesh

Implementing electronic voting systems in Bangladesh presents multifaceted challenges

that require careful consideration and robust solutions to ensure fair, secure, and credible
elections.

Security & Authentication Transparency & Trust

Ensuring the integrity of votes and verifying voter identity Public confidence is vital. Doubts about system
without compromising privacy are paramount concerns, transparency, auditability, and the anonymity of ballots can
particularly against potential cyber threats and fraudulent erode trust in electoral outcomes.
activities.

Cost & Implementation Digital Divide & Accessibility

The substantial financial outlay for acquiring, deploying, Significant disparities in digital literacy and access to
and maintaining e-voting infrastructure, alongside logistical technology across the population could disenfranchise
complexities, poses significant hurdles for a nationwide voters and hinder equitable participation.
rollout.
Strategic Recommendations
To successfully integrate e-voting, a comprehensive approach focusing on se
education, and robust governance is essential.

• Strengthen Cybersecurity: • Independent Oversight: Engage

Implement multi-layered security impartial national and international
protocols, regular audits, and bodies to monitor, audit, and certify
independent vulnerability the e-voting process, enhancing
assessments to protect the system credibility.
from cyberattacks.

• Gradual Implementation: Pilot e- • Backup Systems: Develop robust

voting in smaller, manageable contingency plans, including manual
phases to test systems, gather backup systems, to ensure elections
feedback, and refine processes can proceed smoothly even in the
before a full-scale deployment. event of technical failures.

• Voter Education & Awareness: • Improve Accessibility: Design

Launch extensive, accessible systems that are user-friendly for all
campaigns to educate citizens on demographics, including those with
the benefits, process, and security of disabilities and limited digital
e-voting, addressing misinformation. literacy, using intuitive interfaces.
Public Perception and Trust Issues of E-Voting:

Digital voting now counts over 95% of

ballots in the US, yet its complexity
fuels anxiety and conspiracy theories,
particularly among electronic machine
users (Bruce Schneier, 2025). Nearly
half of American voters, regardless of
party, doubt election fairness,
primarily due to cyberattack fears—
even when attacks fail or target
unrelated infrastructure (Georgia Tech,
2025).

Authoritarian disinformation
campaigns exploit these fears, aiming
to fracture civic faith by magnifying
doubts about digital voting systems
without evidence of vote tampering
(US cybersecurity experts, 2025).

E-voting's promise of increased accessibility and participation faces significant

hurdles: digital divides (rural vs. urban), security fears, and the challenge of
fostering "inherited trust" across all election stages (European research, 2023).
 Future Prospects of E-Voting in
Bangladesh:
Bangladesh has steadily introduced Biometric fingerprint
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) authentication frameworks are
since 2007, aiming for nationwide proposed to ensure 'one-person-
reduction of paper ballots with a one-vote' integrity, accelerating
major procurement project (2018– verification and preventing fraud.
2023).
However, challenges persist,
including political opposition, Government officials advocate
voter unfamiliarity with modernising EVMs and exploring
technology, and past technical online voting to enable remote
glitches, slowing widespread participation and real-time tracking,
adoption. fostering greater voter trust.
Cutting-edge solutions, like
blockchain-based e-voting systems, Bangladesh joins a global movement
promise enhanced security, embracing e-voting, balancing
transparency, and privacy by innovation with the critical need for
decentralising voter data and audit credible, accessible, and secure
trails, significantly reducing fraud elections.
risks. The path forward requires overcoming
technical, political, and social hurdles
through transparent research,
extensive voter education, and
phased implementation of advanced