Structure of atoms
ATOM
• Invisible
• Particle
• Matter
SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES
• Electron
• Proton
• neutron
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
• Spherical
• Dense nucleus
• Shells (K,L,M,N)
ATOMIC NUMBER
• Protons
• Oxygen – 8
• Nitrogen – 7
• Argon - 18
MASS NUMBER
• Protons
• Neutrons
• Oxygen – 16
• Nitrogen - 14
ISOTOPES
• Atomic number
• Mass number
ELECTRONIC CONFIGERATION
• Arrangement
• Electrons
• shells
VALENCY
• Capacity
• Elements
• Chemical reaction
ION
• Cation
• Anion
Assessment
1. What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom?
2. Describe the location of protons, neutrons, and electrons within an
atom.
3. What is the difference between atomic number and mass number?
4. Define isotopes and provide an example.
5. What are valence electrons? How do they determine an atom's
valency?
6. Explain Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment and its key
observations.
7. Compare and contrast Thomson's and Rutherford's atomic models.
8. Draw the atomic structure of Helium (He) atom.
9. What are nucleons?
13. What are the limitations of Rutherford's atomic model?
14. If an atom has 7 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its atomic number
and mass number?
15. Explain the concept of electron shells.
16. What is the significance of the atomic number?
17. Give two applications of isotopes.
18. What is the difference between Thomson's model and Bohr's model
of the atom?
19. What are canal rays?
20. If an atom contains one electron and one proton, will it carry any
More challenging questions:
1. Explain the concept of valency with examples of silicon and oxygen.
2. What are the limitations of Thomson's model of the atom?
3. Establish the relationship between atomic number, mass number, isotopes,
isobars, and valency.
4. Explain how Rutherford's experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus.
5. Give an example of an atom with the same number of electrons in the L and
M shells.
6. What is an octate and why do atoms try to achieve it?
7. Describe the electronic configuration of a magnesium ion (Mg2+).
8. How do isotopes of an element differ from each other?
9. What are the main differences between protons, neutrons, and electrons?
10.Explain the role of neutrons in an atom.
