WRITING:

Paragraph
writing
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
0 0 0
What is a Elements Topic
1
paragraph?
2 3
of sentence
paragraph
0 0 0
Supportin
4g 5
Concluding 6
EXERCISE
sentences sentence
 0
Wha1
t is a
paragraph?
 A
paragraph
is a group of sentences that
describe or explain a topic or idea.
Each sentence in a paragraph
must give information about the
topic. Also, the sentences must
be in the right order, so the
readers can understand and
appreciate the information. A
good paragraph presents a
complete and interesting picture
to the readers.
 0
Eleme2
nts of a
paragraph
There are 3 elements
of a paragraph.

1 2
Supportin 3
Topic g Concluding
sentence sentences sentence
Elements of a
paragraph
 0
To3pic
sentence
The topic sentence is the
Topic
sentence sentence
in a paragraph the
gives the reader insight into
what the paragraph is about.
It will give the main idea
that the paragraph is going
to focus on.
 TOPIC sentence
every sentence will have a topic and a
controlling idea
Topic Controlling idea
ere are many reasons why pollution in ABC town is the worst in the worl
pic: pollution in ABC town
ontrolling idea: the reasons why the town is the worst one in the world

Regular exercise can significantly improve both

physical and mental health.
Topic: Regular exercise
Controlling idea: the way exercise can significantly
improve both physical and mental health.
here are many reasons why pollution in ABC town is the worst in the worl
pic: pollution in ABC town
ontrolling idea: the reasons why the town is the worst one in the world
There are many reasons why pollution in ABC Town is
the worst in the world. Thick smoke covers the streets all
year because many coal factories run inside the town and
release dirty air day and night. Traffic makes it worse, as old
diesel buses and trucks sit in traffic for hours and blow
black fumes. Trash is not handled well: open dumps keep
burning, and uncollected garbage blocks drains, causing
bad smells and attracting pests. The rivers, which used to
be clear, now carry factory waste and sewage, turning the
water black and unsafe. Laws to protect the environment
are weak, and some people break them without
punishment. There are few parks, almost no checks on air
 Choose the best topic
It is time to raise the
________________________________ Many
people whominimum wage.
earn the minimum wage are
trying to support families with this salary.
No one working full-time and earning the
minimum wage makes enough money to pay
for rent, food, and other necessities. If we
raise the minimum wage, families will have
more money to spend, and therefore other
Parents businesses
in New Yorkwill make
City havemore
a money. In short,
lot
Thisofincreasing the minimum wage is both
expenses.is especially
economy hard for
economically sensible and morally
small business owners.
It is necessary.
time to raise the minimum
Awage.
job with low pay is better than having
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Su p p4o r t i n g
s e n te n c e s
develop the main idea you presented in the
Supporting sentences
topic sentence. When writing supporting
sentences, you should be giving examples,
reasons, or descriptions to support your topic
sentence.

Supporting sentences should focus on the

following:

- They should provide the main supporting points

for the paragraph's main idea (topic sentence)
- There are usually 2 - 4 supporting sentences in a
paragraph.
- They should be arranged in a logical order.
- They should NOT begin a new topic or introduce
Read the following paragraphs. Identify the one sentence that
does not belong because it is not connected closely with the
supporting ideas in the topic sentence.
Matching Supporting and Topic Sentences Read the
two topic sentences below. Then read the list of
supporting sentences. Match each supporting
sentence with the corresponding topic sentence by
writing the correct topic sentence number on the
line beside the supporting sentences. Notice that
each sentence is labeled in parentheses with the
kind of supporting sentence that it is.

Topic sentences
TS 1: Low-fat diets are an excellent way to
stay healthy and trim.
TS 2: High-protein diets are favored by
athletes and competitors.
 TS 1: Low-fat diets are an excellent way to stay
healthy and trim.
TS 2: High-protein diets are favored by athletes and
0 competitors.
____a. These foods help build muscles and increase energy.
0
2
(fact)
1
____
0 b. They are preferred by the general public because they
help with weight reduction. (reason)
0 c. Low-fat diets are recommended by most physicians.
1
____
0
2
(fact)
0
1 d. Many athletes eat high-protein foods, such as meat,
____
0
1
beans, and nuts. (example)
0
2 e. Low-fat foods include fruits, vegetables, and pasta.
____
1
(example)
____ f. Because they are easy to find in stores, low-fat foods are
convenient. (reason)
____ g. Athletes generally eat high-protein diets to give them
 0
Concl5
u di n g
se n e n c e
A concluding sentence is the final
sentence of a paragraph. It serves to
summarize the main points, offer a final
thought, or transition to the next
paragraph. It should not introduce new
information.
Restates the main Idea
Perhaps the easiest concluding sentence to
write is one that simply restates the main idea
or summarizes the main points of the
paragraph.
The concluding sentence is the last
sentence of the paragraph. It
concludes, or wraps up, a paragraph. It
lets the reader know that you have
finished talking about the idea
introduced by the topic sentence. A
concluding sentence often has one of
these four important purposes:

1. It restates the main idea.

2. It offers a suggestion.
3. It gives an opinion.
4. It makes a prediction.
Topic Sentence: Snorkeling can be one of the
most amazing adventures you can ever take
part in.

Concluding Sentence: If you want to have one

of the most beautiful experiences that anyone
can ever have, you should try snorkeling for a
day.

Explanation: This topic sentence introduces

snorkeling as an amazing adventure, and the
concluding sentence offers a suggestion that
Topic Sentence: EBook readers are excellent
devices for students.

Concluding Sentence: It is clear that eBook

readers have made students’ lives much easier.

Explanation: This concluding sentence also

restates the idea of the topic sentence. The
examples in the paragraph show how eBook
readers simplify students’ lives, and the
concluding sentence emphasizes this fact
Read this following paragraph
and :
1. Identify the topic sentence and
write TS above it.
2. Identify any sentence that is
not a good supporting sentence
based on the controlling idea in
the topic sentence.
3. Write a concluding sentence
for it.
 When I first started going to college, I was
surprised at all the studying that was required. I
had to adjust my study habits because in high
schooltopic
I hardly
sentence ever studied, yet my grades were
still fairly good. At the university, it seemed that all
my professors thought their class was the most Irrelevant
important class. Each professor gave me a sentence
tremendous amount of homework every night. As a
result, my free time became very limited. Nights
out with friends and time spent watching TV were
replaced with reading assignments, group projects,
learning activities, and research. My university
classes kept me so busy that I could only go out on
Saturday nights. This kind of schedule was a big
changethe
- Overall, from high
heavier school,
workload andwhere
limitedIfree
used tomeant
time play I had to
sports,
adjust have
quickly fun, and
to succeed go out every other
in college.
- In short, college required far more discipline and study time than high
night._________________________________
school, and my daily life changed accordingly.
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6 se
E xe r c i
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