Android

Introduction…
 Android is an open source platform developed under
the open handset alliance to enable faster
development of mobile applications and provisions of
services to the users.

 Google is the leading company to develop and promote
android, however there are other companies as well
who are involved in the development of android.

What is Android???

Android is a
software stack.
Android = operating
system +
middleware + key
applications

Uses unix
programming
language/ kernel
based on linux.

Supports large number
of applications, which
run on Dalvik Run time
engine.

Uses ARM architecture.

Fig 1: Android Basics

Palo
Alto, Andy, Rich Android Inc Open Handset Beta SDK
miner, Nick and was acquired Alliance was was
Chris founded by Google formed released
Android.

12
2003 2005 5 Nov’07
Nov’07

Beginning of Android…

From then on there have been several changes…

1.5 Cupcake 30 April 2009 Based on linux kernel 2.6.27

1.6 DonutSDK Based on linux kernel 2.6.29
15 September 2009

2.0 EclairSDK Based on linux kernel 2.6.29
October 2009

2.2 Froyo Based on linux kernel 2.6.32
20 May 2010
2.3
Gingerbread Released on 6 December 2010

3.0
Honeycomb Released on 10 May 2011

4.0 IceCream
Released on 18 October 2011
Sandwich

The latest version is 4.0
Icecream sandwich.
• It combines the best of the android
2x phone interface with android 3x
phone interface.
• Easy multitasking, customizable
home screens, customizable widgets.

Application
 All applications are written using the java
programming language.
 Core applications include –
 Email client
 SMS program
 calendar
 Maps
 Browser
 Contacts etc.

Application Framework
 Underlying all applications is a set of services and
systems, including:
 Views
 Content providers
 Resource manager
 Notification manager
 Activity manager

Libraries
 Includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various
components of the android system.
 Some of the core libraries are System C library, Media
library, surface manager, libWebcore, SGL, 3D
libraries, Freetype, SQLite.

Android Runtime
 Every android application runs in its own process, with
its own instance of the Dalvik Runtime machine.
 Dalvik has been written so that a device can run
multiple VMs efficiently.

Linux kernel
 Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system
services such as security, memory management,
process management, network stack, and driver
model.

Android has many amazing and unique features that are of
significance to developers and users

 Application Framework that enables reuse and
replacement of components

 Dalvik virtual machine optimised for mobile devices

 Open source WebKit engine based integrated web
browser

 Optimized Graphics that is powered by customized 2D
graphics library and 3D graphics based on the OpenGL
ES 1.0 specification

 SQLite for structured data storage

 GSM Telephony

 Media Support for common video, audio, and still
image formats.

 Provision of Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G and Wi-Fi

 Camera, GPS, Compass, and Accelerometer
(dependent on hardware support)

What makes Android different??
 Android is open-source.

 Complete smartphone software stack, free of charge.

Advantages of Android.
 The google’s android platform provides the ability to
be customized by anyone

 Provides a wide range of mobile applications.

 Innovative maps of android will provide users with any
information they maybe in need of.

Disadvantages of android
 Since Google Android is an open source platform
driving all Android phones, it could significantly
increase the risk of hacking these devices. If this
happens, then locking mobiles as a security measure
will be a mockery.

Android vs Ios
 Customization and Widgets: Android has the ability to
create shortcuts to contacts right on the home screen.

 Multitasking: Android performs multitasking. It lets
you see more apps on one screen.

Steve Jobs threat!!!
 Apple Inc founder Steve Jobs threatened to destroy
Android saying it was a stolen product and that he
would go thermonuclear war on this.

 Tension between the two companies escalated as
Google used the Android operating system to follow
Apple into the growing market for smartphones.

What makes android different??
 Android operating system is open source. Therefore, it
is legal and possible for you to modify the entire
Operating System to work the way you want it to.

 However, to call it different from others because of
“openness” can be debatable.

References:
www.android.com
www.engineersgarage.com
www.androiddevelopers.com

Android

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