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Black hole presentation
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- 2. BLACK HOLES IN POPULARCULTURE
- 7. THE LIFE ANDDEATH OF STARS
- 9. SMALLER STARS (LIKEOUR SUN) ( Don’t worry, we have around 5 billions years left yet … )
- 11. CHANDRASEKHAR LIMIT • Discoveredby Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar • Awarded Nobel Prize for Physics 1983 • Maximum mass of stable white dwarf • 1.4 x mass of our Sun • Above that – Neutron star or Black Hole
- 12. TOLMAN–OPPENHEIMER–VOLKOFF LIMIT • Calculatedin 1939, derived from similar equations to the Chandrasekhar limit • Maximum mass of neutron star • 2 - 3 x mass of our Sun ( from core remnant ) • Original star mass 15 – 20 solar masses • Above that – Black Hole
- 13. ALL ABOUT MASSOF CORE REMNANT < 1.4 Solar Masses = White dwarf 1.4 - ~3 Solar Masses = Neutron star > 3 Solar Masses = Black hole
- 14. MASS OF ORIGINALSTAR < 10 Solar masses = White dwarf 10 – 29 Solar masses = Neutron star > 29 Solar masses = Black hole
- 15. SOME OTHER SCENARIOS…. •Some stars may just vanish to black hole instantly • Some huge stars blow up entirely, leaving NOTHING • Some may form Quark Stars
- 16. NEUTRON STAR • Allempty space of atoms squeezed away • Density of an atom core • Tight structure of neutrons • Matchbox of material = 13m tonnes • Cube of Earth 135m square
- 17. BLACK HOLE • Corecompletely collapses in on itself • Mass compacts down to singularity • Infinite density • 1 dimension only • More on this soon… • Event Horizon – giving black hole its name
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- 19. NON ROTATING BLACKHOLE • “Schwarzschild Black Hole” • No spin, no electric charge
- 20. SINGULARITY • Infinite density •1 dimension – no real “size” • Space-time curves infinitely • Physics (esp relativity) breaks down entirely • Combined quantum & relatively MAY explain one day • No information can ever escape from singularity
- 21. EVENT HORIZON • Shwarzschildradius – light can’t escape • = Event Horizon • No information can ever escape • ( Except Hawking radiation! ) • Past this boundary, space time curves inwards ONLY
- 22. GRAVITY – SPACETIMECURVATURE
- 23. GRAVITY – SPACETIMECURVATURE
- 24. GRAVITY – SPACETIMECURVATURE
- 25. GRAVITY – SPACETIMECURVATURE
- 26. NON ROTATING BLACKHOLE • “Schwarzschild Black Hole” • No spin, no electric charge
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- 28. • Inner /outer horizon • Static Limit • ”Location at which space-time is flowing at the speed of light, making stationary particles that would be travelling at the speed of light” • Ergosphere – region between the two ROTATING BLACK HOLE
- 29. ACCRETION DISK &JETS
- 30. • Strong gravitybends light • Large scales, gravitational lensing of distant galaxies • Similar around black holes • Interstellar GRAVITATIONAL LIGHT DISTORTION
- 31. • Too closeto event horizon, yes • At more distance, same pull as original star • Replacing Sun with black hole NOT VORACIOUS VACUUM CLEANERS!
- 32. • Micro • SolarMass • Intermediate Mass • Super Massive TYPES OF BLACK HOLE
- 33. • Micro: TYPES OFBLACK HOLE • Theoretical, never observed • May have been created shortly after Big Bang • May be created in particle accelerators • Exist for 10th of trillionth of trillionth seconds
- 34. • Solar Mass: TYPESOF BLACK HOLE • Ghost of massive stars • Size range approx 5 – 64 solar masses • ~ 100m within our galaxy, mostly invisible • Observable when in binary pair with star • Nearest 1600 light years away
- 35. TYPES OF BLACKHOLE
- 36. • Intermediate Mass: TYPESOF BLACK HOLE • Thought at center of some globular clusters
- 37. • Supermassive: TYPES OFBLACK HOLE • The true monsters! • Centre of all spiral & elliptical galaxies • Largest 30bn – 40bn solar masses!
- 38. MILKY WAY CENTRE– SAGITTARIUS A*
- 41. • 2 ly= 51Bn Km • Nearest star is 37 tr Km • Fits in 730 times! MILKY WAY CENTRE – SAGITTARIUS A*
- 42. • Event horizonestimate 44 M km • 75% of distance of Mercury to Sun • Mass 4m Solar masses • Event Horizon Telescope – imminent!! MILKY WAY CENTRE – SAGITTARIUS A*
- 43. • Avg –0.1% mass of galaxy • Largest in relation to galaxy 4% – 14%! SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
- 47. • Scientists notyet sure • Early galaxy gas clouds collapse • Stellar black hole eats and enlarge • Clusters of stellar holes combine • Merging of galaxies combines cores • Mystery how so big so early! HOW FORMED?
- 48. • Ancient anddistant • 12 billion light years away • Universe 1.8 bn years old • But ENORMOUSLY bright! • Dust/Gas rich early galaxies, accretion disks • > 200,000 known • Blasars are where jets point at us! QUASARS & BLASARS
- 49. GRAVITATIONAL WAVES • Orbitingand merging of black holes • Proposed by Einsten 1916 • Detected LIGO 2015 • Two 30 solar mass black holes merging
- 50. GRAVITATIONAL WAVES • eLISA– coming 2030! maybe….. • Pathfinder sent 2015 • Detect supermassive BH mergers in early Universe • Observe 25k compact binaries in Milky Way
- 51. WHAT HAPPENS TOYOU IF YOU GET CLOSE TO BLACK HOLE?
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- 55. Hawking Radiation Something CANescape the Event Horizon! .. maybe …… DEATH OF A BLACK HOLE?
- 57. To come…. NEUTRON STARS? Futuretalk ( There was so much to talk about black holes! ) Ran out of time…..
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