C++ 11

C++ 11

• 1.
  C++ 11 Quick overview
• 2.
  delete - prohibitto auto generate a method override - declares a method that redefines a base counterpart final - forbids any descendant to override the method from this class Class declaration
• 3.
  It is requiredto code: move semantics perfect forwarding Used by default when returning the value. RValue references
• 4.
  It is usedto auto discover types. Replaces typedef for code clarity. Could be used to calculate a return type. Examples: auto i = 42; auto p = new foo(); for(auto it = begin(map); it != end(map); ++it) auto
• 5.
  It solves theambiguity of NULL macro that has a type int and confuses templated methods It has to be used to initialize pointers nullptr has type std::nullptr_t nullptr
• 6.
  Foreach concept whenindexes and iterators are irrelevant. Example: for(const auto &kvp: map) { std::cout << kvp.first << std::endl; } Range-based loops
• 7.
  Classical enums hadmultiple drawbacks: polluted global namespace could not hold custom objects but integers New enum is declared using “enum class” Example: enum class Options {None, One, All}; Options o = Options::All; Strongly-typed enums
• 8.
  unique_ptr - cannot be copied shared_ptr - contains a reference counter weak_ptr - does not contain a reference counter while multiple copies are possible. Solves cyclic references issue. Smart pointers
• 9.
  This construction isused to create anonymous functions in place. Example: std::for_each(std::begin(v), std::end(v), [ ](int n) {std::cout << n << std::endl;}); Lambda Functions
• 10.
  This data typeis used by methods to return arbitrary number of values. Example: std::tuple<> getTwoValues() { return make_tuple(2, 3); } std::tie (a, b) = getTwoValues(); Tuple data type
• 11.
  Modern C++ byBo Qian A Brief Introduction to Rvalue References from B. Stroustrup C++ Rvalue References Explained References