Induction & deduction

Induction & deduction

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  INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE Createdby : Zaineb Bouzerda Othmane Elyaalaoui Philip onge Iliass Dadda
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  Research Methods Research Types Deductive Approach Inductive approach In research,we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the Deductive and Inductive approaches.
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  Deductive Research Approach Theory Hypothesis Observation Confirmation Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific.  Sometimes this is informally called a ‘’Top- down’’ approach.  Conclusion follows logically from premises (available facts). Waterfall
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  Inductive research approach Theory Tentative Hypothesis Pattern Observation  Inductivereasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.  Informally, we sometiomes call this a “Bottom up” approach  Conclusion is likely based on premises.  Involves a degree of uncertainty. Hill Climbing
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  Deductive Vs. Inductive Inductionis usually described as moving from the specific to the general, while deduction begins with the general and ends with the specific. Arguments based on laws, rules and accepted principles are generally used for Deductive Reasoning. Observations tend to be used for inductive Arguments.
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  GENERALIZATION SPECIFIC INSTANCE INDUCTIVE Bottom up DEDUCTIVE Topdown
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  Deductive reasoning Premises leadto a certain conclusion Premises 1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man 3. Socrates is mortal. Therefore, Conclusion Aristotle (Ancient Greek Philosopher)
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  Deductive reasoning Premises leadto a certain conclusion Premises Conclusion COGITO ERGO SUM 1. What thinks must exist. 2. I am thinking. 3. I exist. Therefore, Rene Descartes (Philosopher of the Scientific Revolution
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  Inductive reasoning Conclusions aredrawn from several observations. Usual example : - Connect the Dots « The more data, the greater the probability of the conclusion being true » The more data, the closer we are to the certainty, although we don’t quite get there.
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  The Problem ofInduction David Hume “Skeptical scotsman” “really when it comes down to it, induction cannot ever lead us to certain knowledge because it : • Presupposes that things will stay the way they always have been. Examples: 1. The sun always rises In the East. 2. This person loves me.
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  References : -Tom Richey(2015) Deductive and Inductive reasoning (bacon vs Aristotle - scientific revolution). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAdpPABoTzE (Accessed: 17 February 2017). -(no date) Available at : File:///Users/mac/downloads/abduction,%20deduction%20and%20induction%20in%20 qualitative%20research.pdf (Accessed : 17 February 2017).