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The United States of America, sometimes referred to as the US or America, is a country largely located in North America. There are 50 states, a federal district, five main unincorporated territories, 326 Indian reservations, and a few minor holdings that make up the United States of America. It is the world’s third- or fourth-largest country by total area, with 3.8 million square miles (9.8 million square kilometers).

The United States has large land borders to the north and south with Canada and Mexico, as well as modest marine boundaries with the Bahamas, Cuba, and Russia. It is the world’s third most populated country, with a population of about 331 million people. Washington, D.C., is the nation’s capital, while New York Metropolis is the most populated city.

At least 12,000 years ago, Paleo-Indians traveled from Siberia to the North American mainland, and European colonization began in the 16th century. The thirteen British colonies created along the East Coast gave birth to the United States. The American Revolutionary War (1775″1783) was started by disputes with Great Britain over taxes and political representation.

The states approved the United States Constitution in 1788, four years after gaining independence, establishing a new federal government that is still in effect today. The United States began spreading throughout North America in the early nineteenth century, gradually acquiring additional territory, sometimes by conflict, displacing Native Americans, and admitting new states; by 1848, the government had covered the continent. The American Civil War (1861″1865) was precipitated by the legalization of slavery in the southern states.

Slavery was abolished as a result of the Union’s eventual victory. The war and its aftermath saw the United States’ industrial capacities rapidly expand. The overseas territories secured by the US in the Spanish”American War affirmed a more interventionist American foreign policy. The United States became an international power after winning the First World War in 1918. With the popularization of baseball and the expanding international appeal of Hollywood and jazz in the 1920s and 1930s, the United States developed a powerful new cultural identity.

After the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States formally entered the Second World War as a member of the Allied forces. Its armed forces fought in two war theaters at the same time: Western Europe and East Asia. The country also underwent an unprecedented transition, with its military, scientific, and industrial prowess rapidly expanding.

The Manhattan Project, a top-secret project to produce the atomic weapon, was also undertaken. The United States emerged as a superpower and the only country possessing nuclear weapons at the end of the war. It was essential in the formation of the United Nations and the formulation of Japan’s 1947 Constitution after the loss in 1945.

Following WWII, the United States and the Soviet Union faced rising tensions, which eventually erupted into the Cold War, which lasted the rest of the twentieth century. When the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949, it also raised the possibility of nuclear war.

In the Korean War (with a UN mandate) and the Vietnam War (without UN support), the US fought Soviet allies but avoided direct armed war with the Soviet Union. The Apollo 11 mission, which saw the United States land the first man on the Moon in 1969, was another measure of US”Soviet competitiveness during the Cold War.

The Cold War ended in 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving the United States as the world’s lone superpower for the following two decades. China has increasingly challenged the United States as a global superpower in the twenty-first century.

The US is a federal republic and a representative democracy with three departments of government, including a bicameral legislature. It belongs to the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization of American States, NATO, and other international organizations as a founding member.

It is a permanent member of the Security Council of the United Nations. Its population has been significantly affected by centuries of immigration, making it a melting pot of cultures and nationalities.

The country scores well on international tests of economic freedom, quality of life, education, and human rights, and has a low perception of corruption. However, the country has faced internal and international criticism for ethnic, wealth, and income gaps, the use of capital punishment, high incarceration rates, and the absence of universal health care.

The United States is the world’s most developed country, accounting for roughly a quarter of global GDP and having the biggest economy. The United States is the world’s greatest importer and second-largest exporter of products in terms of value. Despite having only 4.2 percent of the world’s population, it owns 29.4 percent of the world’s total wealth, the greatest amount of any country. It is the world’s most powerful military power, accounting for more than a third of global military spending, as well as a major political, cultural, and scientific force.