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Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), generally known as aspirin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID) used to treat inflammation, fever, and/or discomfort as well as a blood thinner. Aspirin is used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders, including Kawasaki illness, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever.

Long-term usage of aspirin is also used to help those at high risk avoid further heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and blood clots. Effects often start within 30 minutes for pain or fever. While aspirin functions similarly to other NSAIDs, it also inhibits platelets’ natural activity.

An uncomfortable stomach is a typical side effect. The exacerbation of asthma as well as stomach bleeding and ulcers are more serious adverse effects. People who are older, drink alcohol, use other NSAIDs, or are taking other blood thinners have a higher risk of bleeding. Taking aspirin during the final trimester of pregnancy is not advised. Due to the possibility of developing Reye syndrome, it is typically not advised for children who have infections. Ringing in the ears has been linked to high dosages.

For at least 2,400 years, a forerunner to aspirin found in the willow tree’s (genus Salix) bark has been utilized for its medicinal properties. To create acetylsalicylic acid for the first time, scientist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt combined sodium salicylate with acetyl chloride in 1853. Other scientists developed more effective manufacturing techniques and determined the chemical structure during the following 50 years.

The World Health Organization included aspirin on its list of essential medicines because it is a patented or generic drug that is available without a doctor’s prescription and is used annually. With more than 17 million prescriptions written in 2020, it was the 36th most often prescribed drug in the country.