Wolof-gú
| Wolof-gú | |
|---|---|
| Wolof ولوفل | |
| Goân-chū kok-ka | Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia |
| Bîn-cho̍k | Wolof |
| bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá |
5,454,000 (2001–2016)[1][2] L2 speakers: ? |
| Gí-hē |
Niger–Congo
|
| Bûn-jī hē-thóng |
Latin (Wolof jī-bú) Arabic (Wolofal) Garay |
| Koaⁿ-hong tē-ūi | |
| Koán-lí ki-kò͘ | CLAD (Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar) |
| Gí-giân tāi-bé | |
| ISO 639-1 |
wo |
| ISO 639-2 |
wol |
| ISO 639-3 |
Either:wol – Wolofwof – Gambian Wolof |
| Glottolog |
wolo1247 |
| Linguasphere |
90-AAA-aa |
|
Areas where Wolof is spoken | |
Wolof-gú (ing-gú: Wolof language; Wolof /ˈwoʊlɒf/;[3] (Wolofal: ولوفل)) sī Senegal, Mauritania, kah Gambia ê tsi̍t-tsióng gú-giân, sī Wolof-jîn ê bó-gú. Kah lîm-kīn ê gú-giân Serer-gú hām Fula-gú kāng-khuán, Wolof-gú sio̍k-ú Niger–Congo gú-giân ê Senegambia gú-giân hun-tsi. Kah Niger–Congo gú-giân ê tuā-to-sòo kî-thann ê gú-giân bô kâng, iah-koh-ū Wolof-gú m̄ sī siann-tiāu gú-giân.
Wolof-gú sī Senegal sú-iōng siong kóng-huàn ê gú-giân, Wolof-jîn (tsiàm jîn-kháu ê 40%) í bó-gú lâi sú-iōng; m̄-koh tuā-to-sòo kî-thann ê Wolof-jîn mā kā i iōng-tsò tē-2 gú-giân.[4] Wolof ê hong-giân ēkin-ki tē-i̍k kah siânn-hiong tē-khu jî-lâi piàn-ī. Pí-jū, Dakar ê tsú-iàu hong-giân sī Wolof-gú, Huat-gú kah Alapik-gú ê siânn-tshī gú-giân hūn-ha̍p-thé.
Wolof sī piau-tsún phin-siá, mā ē-tàng tsí-tāi Wolof tsióng-tso̍k hi̍k-tsiá bûn-huà. Piàn-thé pau-kuat koh-khah kóo-ló ê huat-gú Ouolof, Jollof, Jolof, Gambian Wolof tíng-tíng; tsit-má thong-siông tsí Jolof tè-kok hi̍k-tsiá jollof bí-pn̄g, tsi̍t-tsióng siông-kiàn ê Se-hui bí-pn̄g. Tsit-má kóo-ló ê hîng-sik pau-kuat "Volof" hām "Olof".
Kì-sìn ing-gú tshái-iōng tshái-iōng tsi̍t-kuá-á Wolof-gú t-tsò guā-lâi-gú, pí-jû king-iû Sepangâ-gú hām Phûtôgâ-gú lâi-ê "banana" (kin-tsio),[5] kah Caribe ing-gú ê Creole-gú lāi-té ê "nyam" lóng-sī piáu-sī "tsia̍h" ê ì-sù (pí-kàu Seychellois Creole-gú ê "nyanmnyanm", tsit-ê sû-gú ê ì-sù mā piáu-sī "tsia̍h").[6]
Tsù-kái
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- ↑ "Wolof, Gambian". Ethnologue (ēng Eng-gí). 2018-12-06 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
- ↑ "Wolof". Ethnologue (ēng Eng-gí). 2018-12-06 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
- ↑ "Wolof". Oxford English Dictionary (Online pán.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) (Eng-gí)
- ↑ "Wolof Brochure" (PDF). Indiana.edu. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2018-06-12 hőng khó͘-pih. 10 June 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
- ↑ Harper, Douglas. "banana". Online Etymology Dictionary. 6 March 2016 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
- ↑ Danielle D'Offay & Guy Lionet, Diksyonner Kreol-Franse / Dictionnaire Créole Seychellois – Français, Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg, 1982. In all fairness, the word might as easily be from Fula nyaamde, "to eat". (Eng-gí)
Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- gú-giân-ha̍k
- Harold Torrence: The Clause Structure of Wolof: Insights into the Left Periphery. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2013. (Eng-gí)
- Omar Ka: Wolof Phonology and Morphology. University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland, 1994, ISBN 0-8191-9288-0. (Eng-gí)
- Mamadou Cissé: "Graphical borrowing and African realities" in Revue du Musée National d'Ethnologie d'Osaka, Japan, June 2000. (Eng-gí)
- Mamadou Cissé: "Revisiter 'La grammaire de la langue wolof' d'A. Kobes (1869), ou étude critique d'un pan de l'histoire de la grammaire du wolof.", in Sudlangues Sudlangues.sn, February 2005 (Hoat-gí)
- Leigh Swigart: Two codes or one? The insiders' view and the description of codeswitching in Dakar, in Carol M. Eastman, Codeswitching. Clevedon/Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, ISBN 1-85359-167-X. (Eng-gí)
- Carla Unseth: "Vowel Harmony in Wolof" in Occasional Papers in Applied Linguistics. No. 7, 2009. (Eng-gí)
- Fiona McLaughlin: "Dakar Wolof and the configuration of an urban identity", Journal of African Cultural Studies 14/2, 2001, p. 153–172
- Gabriele Aïscha Bichler: "Bejo, Curay und Bin-bim? Die Sprache und Kultur der Wolof im Senegal (mit angeschlossenem Lehrbuch Wolof)", Europäische Hochschulschriften Band 90, Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2003, ISBN 3-631-39815-8. (Tek-gú)
- gú-huat
- Pathé Diagne: Grammaire de Wolof Moderne. Présence Africaine, Paris, France, 1971.
- Pape Amadou Gaye: Wolof: An Audio-Aural Approach. United States Peace Corps, 1980.
- Amar Samb: Initiation a la Grammaire Wolof. Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Université de Dakar, Ifan-Dakar, Sénegal, 1983.
- Michael Franke: Kauderwelsch, Wolof für den Senegal – Wort für Wort. Reise Know-How Verlag, Bielefeld, Germany 2002, ISBN 3-89416-280-5.
- Michael Franke, Jean Léopold Diouf, Konstantin Pozdniakov: Le wolof de poche – Kit de conversation (Phrasebook/grammar with 1 CD). Assimil, Chennevières-sur-Marne, France, 2004 ISBN 978-2-7005-4020-8.
- Jean-Léopold Diouf, Marina Yaguello: J'apprends le Wolof – Damay jàng wolof (1 textbook with 4 audio cassettes). Karthala, Paris, France 1991, ISBN 2-86537-287-1.
- Michel Malherbe, Cheikh Sall: Parlons Wolof – Langue et culture. L'Harmattan, Paris, France 1989, ISBN 2-7384-0383-2 (this book uses a simplified orthography which is not compliant with the CLAD standards; a CD is available).
- Jean-Léopold Diouf: Grammaire du wolof contemporain. Karthala, Paris, France 2003, ISBN 2-84586-267-9.
- Fallou Ngom: Wolof. Verlag LINCOM, Munich, Germany 2003, ISBN 3-89586-616-4.
- Sana Camara: Wolof Lexicon and Grammar, NALRC Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1-59703-012-0.
- jī-tián
- Diouf, Jean-Leopold: Dictionnaire wolof-français et français-wolof, Karthala, 2003
- Mamadou Cissé: Dictionnaire Français-Wolof, L’Asiathèque, Paris, 1998, ISBN 2-911053-43-5
- Arame Fal, Rosine Santos, Jean Léonce Doneux: Dictionnaire wolof-français (suivi d'un index français-wolof). Karthala, Paris, France 1990, ISBN 2-86537-233-2.
- Pamela Munro, Dieynaba Gaye: Ay Baati Wolof – A Wolof Dictionary. UCLA Occasional Papers in Linguistics, No. 19, Los Angeles, California, 1997.
- Peace Corps Gambia: Wollof-English Dictionary, PO Box 582, Banjul, the Gambia, 1995 (no ISBN, available as PDF file Archived 2010-01-05 at the Wayback Machine. via the internet; this book refers solely to the dialect spoken in the Gambia and does not use the standard orthography of CLAD).
- Nyima Kantorek: Wolof Dictionary & Phrasebook, Hippocrene Books, 2005, ISBN 0-7818-1086-8 (this book refers predominantly to the dialect spoken in the Gambia and does not use the standard orthography of CLAD).
- Sana Camara: Wolof Lexicon and Grammar, NALRC Press, 2006, ISBN 978-1-59703-012-0.
- kuan-hong bûn-kiānn
- Government of Senegal, Décret n° 71-566 du 21 mai 1971 relatif à la transcription des langues nationales, modifié par décret n° 72-702 du 16 juin 1972.
- Government of Senegal, Décrets n° 75-1026 du 10 octobre 1975 et n° 85-1232 du 20 novembre 1985 relatifs à l'orthographe et à la séparation des mots en wolof.
- Government of Senegal, Décret n° 2005-992 du 21 octobre 2005 relatif à l'orthographe et à la séparation des mots en wolof.
Tsham-ua̍t
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]- Oxford English Dictionary
- Oxford University Press
- Government of Senegal
- Linguasphere Observatory
Guā-pōo liân-kiat
[siu-kái | kái goân-sí-bé]
| Scholia has a topic profile for Wolof-gú. |
| Wikivoyage has a phrasebook for Wolof. |
- Wolof resource (Mofeko, Tola Akindipe & Joanna Senghore), Largest online resource to learn Wolof (with Gambian influence)
- Wolof101: Online Wolof Language Lessons Programs: Learn about our Wolof teacher and programs available Archived 2021-12-06 at the Wayback Machine.
- Easy wolof (iPhone application)
- Wolof Language Resources Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine.
- An Annotated Guide to Learning the Wolof Language
- Yahoo group about Wolof (in English and German)
- Wolof Online
- Wolof English Dictionary (this dictionary mixes Senegalese and Gambian variants without notice, and does not use a standard orthography)
- A French-Wolof-French dictionary partially available at Google Books.
- Firicat.com (an online Wolof to English translator; you can add your own words to this dictionary; it uses almost exclusively the Gambian variants and does not use a standard orthography)
- PanAfrican L10n page on Wolof
- OSAD spécialisée dans l’éducation nonformelle et l’édition des Ouvrages en Langues nationales Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine.
- xLingua – Online-Dictionary German-Wolof/Wolof-German, 2009[íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat]
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