{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T19:54:11Z","timestamp":1771703651064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Zhejiang University Press","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61972026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61972026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Frontiers Inf Technol Electronic Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1631\/fitee.1800203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T12:01:05Z","timestamp":1571400065000},"page":"1209-1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cost-effective resource segmentation in hierarchical mobile edge clouds"],"prefix":"10.1631","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1139-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-shuang","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-bin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"635","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1429_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180","volume":"5","author":"N Abbas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbas N, Zhang Y, Taherkordi A, et al., 2018. Mobile edge computing: a survey. IEEE Int Things J, 5(1):450\u2013465. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180","journal-title":"IEEE Int Things J"},{"key":"1429_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alicherry M, Lakshman TV, 2012. Network aware resource allocation in distributed clouds. Proc IEEE INFOCOM, p.963\u2013971. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INFCOM.2012.6195847","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2012.6195847"},{"issue":"4","key":"1429_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2717482","volume":"19","author":"AC Baktir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baktir AC, Ozgovde A, Ersoy C, 2017. How can edge computing benefit from software-defined networking: a survey use cases, and future directions. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor, 19(4):2359\u20132391. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2017.2717482","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"1429_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bilal K, Erbad A, 2017. Edge computing for interactive media and video streaming. Proc 2nd Int Conf on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, p.68\u201373. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FMEC.2017.7946410","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC.2017.7946410"},{"issue":"2","key":"1429_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2018.2816263","volume":"15","author":"M Bouet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bouet M, Conan V, 2018. Mobile edge computing resources optimization: a geo-clustering approach. IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag, 15(2):787\u2013796. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2018.2816263","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1429_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sorms.2012.08.001","volume":"17","author":"S Burer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burer S, Letchford AN, 2012. Non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming: a survey. Surv Oper Res Manag Sci, 17(2):97\u2013106. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sorms.2012.08.001","journal-title":"Surv Oper Res Manag Sci"},{"key":"1429_CR7","unstructured":"China Telecom, 2016. China Telecom CTNet2025 Network Architecture White Paper (in Chinese)."},{"key":"1429_CR8","unstructured":"China Unicom, 2018. White Paper for China Unicom\u2019s Edge-Cloud Service Platform Architecture and Industrial Eco-system. China Unicom Network Technology Research Institute."},{"issue":"1","key":"1429_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(96)00032-9","volume":"24","author":"PC Chu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chu PC, Beasley JE, 1997. A genetic algorithm for the generalised assignment problem. Comput Oper Res, 24(1):17\u201323. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0305-0548(96)00032-9","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"key":"1429_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding QH, Pang HT, Sun LF, 2017. SAM: cache space allocation in collaborative edge-caching network. Proc IEEE Int Conf on Communications, p.1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996701","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996701"},{"issue":"2","key":"1429_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700293","volume":"56","author":"A Enayet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Enayet A, Razzaque MA, Hassan MM, et al., 2018. A mobility-aware optimal resource allocation architecture for big data task execution on mobile cloud in smart cities. IEEE Commun Mag, 56(2):110\u2013117. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700293","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"1429_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghoreishi SE, Friderikos V, Karamshuk D, et al., 2016. Provisioning cost-effective mobile video caching. Proc IEEE Int Conf on Communications, p.1\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511549","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511549"},{"key":"1429_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gudipati A, Perry D, Li LE, et al., 2013. SoftRAN: software defined radio access network. Proc 2nd ACM SIG-COMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networking, p.25\u201330. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2491185.2491207","DOI":"10.1145\/2491185.2491207"},{"key":"1429_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai ZQ, Hu YC, Cui Y, et al., 2017. Furion: engineering high-quality immersive virtual reality on today\u2019s mobile devices. Proc 23rd Annual Int Conf on Mobile Computing and Networking, p.409\u2013421. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3117811.3117815","DOI":"10.1145\/3117811.3117815"},{"issue":"3","key":"1429_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2682318","volume":"19","author":"P Mach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mach P, Becvar Z, 2017. Mobile edge computing: a survey on architecture and computation offloading. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor, 19(3):1628\u20131656. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2017.2682318","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"issue":"1","key":"1429_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2797211","volume":"48","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mann Z\u00c1, 2015. Allocation of virtual machines in cloud data centers\u2014a survey of problem models and optimization algorithms. ACM Comput Surv, 48(1), Article 11. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2797211","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"issue":"7","key":"1429_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6553679","volume":"51","author":"A Manzalini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manzalini A, Minerva R, Callegati F, et al., 2013. Clouds of virtual machines in edge networks. IEEE Commun Mag, 51(7):63\u201370. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6553679","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"1429_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2745201","volume":"19","author":"YY Mao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mao YY, You CS, Zhang J, et al., 2017. A survey on mobile edge computing: the communication perspective. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor, 19(4):2322\u20132358. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2017.2745201","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"1429_CR19","unstructured":"MEC, 2016. Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC); Framework and Reference Architecture. ETSI GS MEC 003 v2.1.1. \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gs\/MEC\/001_099\/003\/02.01.01_60\/gs_MEC003v020101p.pdf"},{"key":"1429_CR20","unstructured":"MEC, 2018. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC); Deployment of Mobile Edge Computing in an NFV Environment. ETSI GR MEC 017 v1.1.1. \n                    https:\/\/www.etsi.org\/deliver\/etsi_gr\/MEC\/001_099\/017\/01.01.01_60\/gr_MEC017v010101p.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1429_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1996.4.1.1","volume":"4","author":"Z Michalewicz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Michalewicz Z, Schoenauer M, 1996. Evolutionary algorithms for constrained parameter optimization problems. Evol Comput, 4(1):1\u201332. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/evco.1996.4.1.1","journal-title":"Evol Comput"},{"key":"1429_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng X, Zhang J, Song SH, et al., 2016. Cache size allocation in backhaul limited wireless networks. Proc IEEE Int Conf on Communications, p.1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511288","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2016.7511288"},{"key":"1429_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.009","volume":"78","author":"R Roman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roman R, Lopez J, Mambo M, 2018. Mobile edge computing, Fog et al.: a survey and analysis of security threats and challenges. Fut Gener Comput Syst, 78:680\u2013698. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.009","journal-title":"Fut Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"1429_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7045398","volume":"53","author":"MR Sama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sama MR, Contreras LM, Kaippallimalil J, et al., 2015. Software-defined control of the virtualized mobile packet core. IEEE Commun Mag, 53(2):107\u2013115. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7045398","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1429_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2016.2598354","volume":"13","author":"B Sousa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sousa B, Cordeiro L, Sim\u00f5es P, et al., 2016. Toward a fully cloudified mobile network infrastructure. IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag, 13(3):547\u2013563. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSM.2016.2598354","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"1429_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600249CM","volume":"55","author":"T Taleb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taleb T, Dutta S, Ksentini A, et al., 2017. Mobile edge computing potential in making cities smarter. IEEE Commun Mag, 55(3):38\u201343. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600249CM","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"1429_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tan LZ, Tan YY, Yun GX, et al., 2016. Genetic algorithms based on clustering for traveling salesman problems. Proc 12th Int Conf on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, p.103\u2013108. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FSKD.2016.7603158","DOI":"10.1109\/FSKD.2016.7603158"},{"key":"1429_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang JH, Quek TQS, Tay WP, 2016. Joint resource segmentation and transmission rate adaptation in Cloud RAN with Caching as a Service. Proc IEEE 17th Int Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, p.1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SPAWC.2016.7536886","DOI":"10.1109\/SPAWC.2016.7536886"},{"key":"1429_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong L, Li Y, Gao W, 2016. A hierarchical edge cloud architecture for mobile computing. Proc 35th Annual IEEE Int Conf on Computer Communications, p.1\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524340","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2016.7524340"},{"key":"1429_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6757","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2685434","volume":"5","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, et al., 2017. A survey on mobile edge networks: convergence of computing, caching and communications. IEEE Access, 5:6757\u20136779. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2685434","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1429_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2514","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2665971","volume":"5","author":"SQ Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang SQ, Zafer M, Leung KK, 2017. Online placement of multi-component applications in edge computing environments. IEEE Access, 5:2514\u20132533. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2665971","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1429_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhao YL, Tornatore M, et al., 2017. Virtual machine placement and workload assignment for mobile edge computing. Proc IEEE 6th Int Conf on Cloud Networking, p.1\u20136. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CloudNet.2017.8071527","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet.2017.8071527"},{"issue":"2","key":"1429_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736753","volume":"52","author":"XF Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang XF, Chen M, Taleb T, et al., 2014. Cache in the air: exploiting content caching and delivery techniques for 5G systems. IEEE Commun Mag, 52(2):131\u2013139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736753","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"1429_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2016.2604803","volume":"28","author":"H Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yin H, Zhang X, Liu HH, et al., 2017. Edge provisioning with flexible server placement. IEEE Trans Parall Distrib Syst, 28(4):1031\u20131045. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPDS.2016.2604803","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Parall Distrib Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1429_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2016.7474343","volume":"30","author":"HK Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang HK, Quan W, Chao HC, et al., 2016. Smart identifier network: a collaborative architecture for the future Internet. IEEE Netw, 30(3):46\u201351. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MNET.2016.7474343","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"issue":"12","key":"1429_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11264","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2724547","volume":"66","author":"S Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang S, Zhang N, Yang P, et al., 2017. Cost-effective cache deployment in mobile heterogeneous networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol, 66(12):11264\u201311276. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2017.2724547","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"1429_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799546","volume":"6","author":"H Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou H, Wang H, Li XH, et al., 2018. A survey on mobile data offloading technologies. IEEE Access, 6:5101\u20135111. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799546","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1631\/FITEE.1800203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1631\/FITEE.1800203\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1631\/FITEE.1800203.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T23:05:55Z","timestamp":1602889555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1631\/FITEE.1800203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1631\/fitee.1800203","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-9184","type":"print"},{"value":"2095-9230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ming-shuang JIN, Shuai GAO, Hong-bin LUO, and Hong-ke ZHANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethics guidelines"}}]}}