{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1774422369093,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]],"date-time":"2024-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61927806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61927806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aiming to address the timing skew mismatch in the time\u2010interleaved analog\u2010to\u2010digital converter (TIADC) system, this paper presents a timing skew mismatch calibration method based on a back propagation (BP) neural network optimized by an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). In this paper, a trained BP neural network is used to detect the timing skew mismatch in the TIADC system, and the variable delay line is used to calibrate it. In this paper, AGA is used to optimize the BP neural network, accelerating its training speed and improving the detection accuracy of timing skew mismatch in the system. The proposed approach boasts superior detection speed and accuracy compared to other methods. In this paper, an 18\u2010bit 1GS\/S 4\u2010channel TIADC system is simulated and the timing skew mismatch in the system is corrected. Simulation results show that the proposed calibration method has fast detection speed, high detection accuracy, and calibration accuracy. After completing the timing skew mismatch correction, the performance of the TIADC system is dramatically improved. The effective number of bits (ENOB) of the system increases by 9.5\u00a0bits, and the spurious\u2010free dynamic range (SFDR) increases by 59.9\u00a0dB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:09:45Z","timestamp":1724026185000},"page":"3023-3038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calibration on timing skew mismatch of time\u2010interleaved ADC based on optimized adaptive genetic algorithm back\u2010propagation\u00a0neural network"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8197-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and School of Integrated Circuits (Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuit Design and Testing) Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}]},{"given":"Zhennan","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and School of Integrated Circuits (Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuit Design and Testing) Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"},{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics and School of Integrated Circuits (Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuit Design and Testing) Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Device and IC Design, Packaging and Testing Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2665983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2869214"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Adaptive estimation and calibration of TIADC synthesis errors based on relaxation method","volume":"46","author":"Xuetao L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Electron Devices"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"TIADC time error calibration based on Aitkin stepwise interpolation filter","volume":"44","author":"Chuanpei X","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Sci Instrum"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2022.3198552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3346515"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1512","article-title":"A new fast convergent blind timing skew error correction structure for TIADC","volume":"68","author":"Khakpour A","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2016.2530819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2002.804089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2004.832781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2010.2085291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2794529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3343415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2011.2141310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2647758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2019.2937815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3229208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2023.3235393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2022.3233413"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEMI.2011.6037720"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"1214","article-title":"Generalized method for extraction of offset, gain, and timing skew errors in time\u2010interleaved ADCs","volume":"67","author":"Sarkis A","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst II\u2010Express Briefs"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.17.20200324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3689"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/81.915383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECIE52353.2021.00051"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.4252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T12:21:45Z","timestamp":1746188505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.4252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.4252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.4252","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-9886","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-007X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}