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In order to compensate for the occurrence of attenuation in the magnitude of mmWave signals, the codebook\u2010dependent analog beamforming in conjunction with precoding at transmitting end and combining signals at the receiving end is utilized. Nonetheless, the existing and traditional beamforming schemes involve a more difficult and complicated search for the optimal combination of analog precoder\/combiner matrices from predefined codebooks. To solve this problem, we have referred to a modified bat algorithm to find the optimal combination value. This algorithm will explore the possible pairs of analog precoder\/combiner as a way to come up with the best match in order to attain near\u2010optimal performance. The analysis shows that the optimized beamforming scheme presented in this paper can improve the performance that is very close to the beam steering benchmark that we have considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T13:55:16Z","timestamp":1568123716000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bat algorithm\u2013based beamforming for mmWave massive MIMO systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Waleed","family":"Shahjehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar  Peshawar Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-0257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Safaa","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolverhampton Cyber Research Institute, School of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Wolverhampton  Wolverhampton UK"}]},{"given":"Suleman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences Northumbria University  Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Khurram","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Information Assurance King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi 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