{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:54:33Z","timestamp":1766408073074,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61801344, 61801347, 61631019, 62001350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61801344, 61801347, 61631019, 62001350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M602775, 2017M613076, 2020M673346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M602775, 2017M613076, 2020M673346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Postdoctoral Science Research Projects of Shaanxi Province, and Natural Science Basic Re-search Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2020JQ-312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JQ-312"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012130","name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180181003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180181003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017615","name":"Young Scientist Award of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015KJXX-19, 2016KJXX-82"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015KJXX-19, 2016KJXX-82"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is susceptible to radio frequency interference (RFI), which becomes especially commonplace in the increasingly complex electromagnetic environments. RFI severely detracts from SAR imaging quality, which hinders image interpretation. Therefore, some RFI mitigation algorithms have been introduced based on the partial features of RFI, but the RFI reconstruction models in these algorithms are rough and can be improved further. This paper proposes two algorithms for accurately modeling the structural properties of RFI and target echo signal (TES). Firstly, an RFI mitigation algorithm joining the low-rank characteristic and dual-sparsity property (LRDS) is proposed. In this algorithm, RFI is treated as a low-rank and sparse matrix, and the sparse matrix assumption is made for TES in the time\u2013frequency (TF) domain. Compared with the traditional low-rank and sparse models, it can achieve better RFI mitigation performance with less signal loss and accelerated algorithm convergence. Secondly, the other RFI mitigation algorithm, named as TFC-LRS, is proposed to further reduce the signal loss. The TF constraint concept, in lieu of the special sparsity, is introduced in this algorithm to describe the structural distribution of RFI because of its aggregation characteristic in the TF spectrogram. Finally, the effectiveness, superiority, and robustness of the proposed algorithms are verified by RFI mitigation experiments on the simulated and measured SAR datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T20:36:42Z","timestamp":1644266202000},"page":"775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation for Synthetic Aperture Radar Based on the Time-Frequency Constraint Joint Low-Rank and Sparsity Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}]},{"given":"Bingbing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Representative Bureau of Army Equipment Department, Nanjing 210018, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2015). 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