{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:16:31Z","timestamp":1776111391235,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Influence of climate change on hydrological drought in Manas River Basin, Xinjiang","award":["U1203182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1203182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding how drought is impacted by both natural and human influences is crucial to the sustainable utilization and protection of water resources. We established a drought severity index (DSI) based on the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) derived from the GRACE satellite to detect drought characteristics and trends over ten major river basins in China from 2002 to 2017. The influence of natural factors (terrestrial water storage components, precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, NDVI, and teleconnection factors (ENSO, PDO, NAO, and AO)) and a human factor (LULC) on drought were investigated and quantified from the perspective of water storage components based on the Theil\u2013Sen trend and Mann\u2013Kendall test method, the perspective of climate change based on cross wavelet transforms, and the perspective of water balance based on Random Forest. The results indicated that (1) almost all humid and arid basins experienced major drought periods during 2002\u20132006 and 2014\u20132017, respectively. The southern IRB and central YZRB regions exhibited notable declines in DSI trends, while the majority of the HLRB, IRB, LRB, YRB, HRB, and SWRB experienced significant increases in DSI trends; (2) abnormal groundwater decreases were the main cause of drought triggered by insufficient terrestrial water storage in most basins; (3) ENSO was the strongest teleconnection factor in most humid basins, and NAO, PDO, and AO were the strongest teleconnection factors in the arid basins and PRB. Most significant resonance cycles lasted 12\u201364 months in 2005\u20132014; and (4) the influence of an anthropogenic driver (LULC) has become as important as, or more important than, natural factors (runoff and teleconnection factors) on hydrological drought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T07:57:17Z","timestamp":1694159837000},"page":"4426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of Variability and Attribution of Drought Based on GRACE in China from Three Perspectives: Water Storage Component, Climate Change, Water Balance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1854-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Chenrui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Chenfeng","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Zhitao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Jiangdong","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"},{"name":"College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}]},{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0123-1","article-title":"Emerging trends in global freshwater availability","volume":"557","author":"Rodell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-019-0374-y","article-title":"Human domination of the global water cycle absent from depictions and perceptions","volume":"12","author":"Abbott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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